Changes in Body Composition Are Associated with Metabolic Changes and the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome

Oh, Yun Hwan; Choi, Se Hyun; Lee, Gyeongsil; Son, Joung Sik; Kim, Kyae Hyung; Park, Sang Min

doi:10.3390/jcm10040745

Cited by 35 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…However, the classification errors caused by prediction equations may be reduced as we estimated the changes in each variable of same person. In addition, according to the previous study using the same prediction equations, an increase in the relative LBM and ASM was associated with the lower risk of metabolic syndrome, whereas an increase in the relative BFM was associated with the greater risk of metabolic syndrome, 35 which is in line with our findings. Considering the metabolic syndrome is a well‐known major risk factor for CVD, our findings may be sufficiently reliable.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Changes in predicted lean body mass, appendicular skeletal muscle mass, and body fat mass and cardiovascular disease

Kim

Lee

Choi

et al. 2022

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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BackgroundLittle is known about the association of changes in two body components, muscle and fat mass, with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among young adults. We investigated the association of changes in predicted lean body mass index (LBMI), appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI), and body fat mass index (BFMI) with the development of CVD among young adults. Methods This nationwide, population-based cohort study included 3 727 738 young adults [2 406 046 (64.5%) men and 1 321 692 (35.5%) women] aged 20-39 years without a previous history of CVD who underwent two health screening examinations during 2009-2010 and 2011-2012. Using validated and robust prediction equations, we calculated the changes in predicted LBMI, ASMI, and BFMI from the first to the second examinations. ResultsThe mean (SD) age was 32.2 (4.9) years, and 2 406 046 (64.5%) of the participants were men. A total of 23 344 CVD events were detected during 22 257 632 person-years of follow-up. Each 1 kg/m 2 increase in predicted LBMI and ASMI change was associated with a reduced risk of CVD among men [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.82-0.91; aHR: 0.76, 95% CI 0.69-0.82, respectively] and women (aHR: 0.77, 95% CI 0.63-0.95; aHR: 0.75, 95% CI 0.59-0.96). Each 1 kg/m 2 increase in predicted BFMI change was associated with an increased risk of CVD among men (aHR: 1.16, 95% CI 1.10-1.22) and women (aHR: 1.32, 95% CI 1.06-1.65). In both sexes, decreases in predicted LBMI and ASMI were associated with greater CVD risk, and decreased predicted BFMI was associated with a reduced CVD risk. Those who maintained their BMI between À1 and +1 kg/m 2 also had a decreased risk of CVD per 1 kg/m 2 increase in predicted LBMI and ASMI change among men (aHR: 0.86, 95% CI 0.80-0.92; aHR: 0.85, 95% CI 0.76-0.95) and women (aHR: 0.62, 95% CI 0.47-0.83; aHR: 0.59, 95% CI 0.44-0.80) and had a greater risk of CVD per 1 kg/m 2 increase in predicted BFMI change among men (aHR: 1.17, 95% CI 1.10-1.25) and women (aHR: 1.64, 95% CI 1.20-2.23). Regardless of changes in weight, such as from normal to obese or vice versa, these results were consistent. Conclusions Among young adults, increased predicted muscle mass or decreased predicted fat mass were associated with a reduced risk of development of CVD. Decreased predicted muscle mass or increased predicted fat mass were associated with an elevated risk of development of CVD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Changes in predicted lean body mass, appendicular skeletal muscle mass, and body fat mass and cardiovascular disease

Kim

Lee

Choi

et al. 2022

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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“…We additionally found signi cant inverse associations between muscle mass increases and changes in the total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. While pediatric data is limited, large adult studies have shown similar associations [13]. Our data indicate that weight increases in the form of muscle mass in youth may have metabolic health bene ts in the youth and furthers the well-known bene ts of regular exercise and muscle building for the overall metabolic health of youth.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Pediatric multidisciplinary weight management—how can we improve further?

2021

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Purpose: Multidisciplinary weight management (MDM) signi cantly improves outcomes in youth, when compared to their routine care. However, this progress may be undermined by high follow-up attrition. We hypothesized that a pre-de ned time-limited MDM clinic follow-up plan given to families from the "get-go" will improve individual clinic participation, weight, and metabolic parameters.Methods: Participant follow-up rates in 7 consecutive visits in a retrospective cohort of youth followed at an urban MDM clinic between April 2017 to September 2019 after the clinic follow-up protocol was changed (Post-PC) were compared to our previously published data (Pre-PC, December 2014 to January 2017). Secondary outcomes include changes (Δ) in body mass index z-score (z-BMI), body composition analysis (BCA), and laboratory parameters.Results: 615 records (12.3 + 3.7 years, 46% male) were reviewed. Participants' follow up rates improved signi cantly starting visit 3 (Post-PC (49.2%) vs. Pre-PC (40.2%); p=0.03). With continued MDM participation, mean z-BMI Δ progressively improved. BCA Δ included a mean total body fat mass (FM) decrease (-2.07+7.3 kg) along with total body muscle mass (MM) increase (3.3+5.6 kg). Signi cant improvements were noted with hemoglobin A1c %, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride, AST, and ALT concentrations. FM Δ correlated signi cantly with glucose and HOMA-IR Δ, while MM Δ was inversely associated with TC and LDL-cholesterol Δ.Conclusion: A protocolized MDM follow plan resulted in a small but signi cant improvement in the participants' follow-up along with signi cant improvements in weight and metabolic outcomes. Further improvements will likely require additional behavioral economic strategies.

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“…Indeed, research indicates that a 1‐MET increase in CRF correlates with a decrease in cardiovascular risk factors often comorbid with obesity (i.e., hypertension, metabolic syndrome) of up to 22% and a reduced risk of arrhythmias and heart failure in adults with obesity by at least 6% and 21%, respectively (87‐90). Equally, whereas increased muscle mass is positively linked with a greater resting metabolic rate (i.e., 1 kg of muscle gained equals an increase of ~21 kcal/kg) (81), which is significant for weight loss, improvements in lean mass have been shown to more considerably impact health outcomes by decreasing the risk of metabolic syndrome in WLO by up to 33% (91).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of training modes on fitness and body composition in women with obesity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Davis

Blake

Perrotta

et al. 2022

Obesity

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Objective This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of different exercise modalities and determine the optimal exercise prescription for improving cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and metabolic health of women with obesity. Methods A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between January 1988 and October 2020 was conducted. The RCTs were screened using the following inclusion criteria: 1) participants: women aged 18 to 65 years with BMI > 30 kg/m2 and without comorbidities; 2) intervention: exercise; 3) comparison: non‐intervention control; and 4) outcomes measures: cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen consumption), body composition (i.e., body weight, percentage body fat), and/or metabolic measures (i.e., blood pressure, cholesterol). Results A total of 20 RCTs with a total of 2,062 participants were included. Although the results showed that any form of exercise was more effective than control, improvements in fitness and body composition were modest. Aerobic exercise (vigorous and moderate intensity) appeared most promising for improving fitness and body weight, whereas low‐load resistance training resulted in the largest improvements in body fatness. Conclusions In women living with obesity, aerobic exercise was consistently effective in improving fitness and body composition. Although both resistance training and combined exercise interventions appear promising, more research is needed to evaluate their efficacy and determine an optimal exercise prescription for this population.

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Changes in Body Composition Are Associated with Metabolic Changes and the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome

Cited by 35 publications

References 46 publications

Changes in predicted lean body mass, appendicular skeletal muscle mass, and body fat mass and cardiovascular disease

Changes in predicted lean body mass, appendicular skeletal muscle mass, and body fat mass and cardiovascular disease

Pediatric multidisciplinary weight management—how can we improve further?

Impact of training modes on fitness and body composition in women with obesity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

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