Changes in Body Weight, Dysglycemia, and Dyslipidemia After Moderately Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education (LOCABO Challenge Program) Among Workers in Japan

Abstract

Purpose It is theorized that the prevalence of obesity has not decreased owing to poor adherence to implemented programs addressing metabolic syndrome, obesity, and diabetes in Japan. Therefore, we intended to evaluate the influence of a moderately low-carbohydrate diet on improving markers of metabolic syndrome among workers in Japan. Patients and Methods Participants with metabolic syndrome or obesity were recruited based on the eligibility criteria for the Specific Health Guidance program and educated on a moderately low-carbohydrate diet between spring 2016 and fall 2018. The participants were then made to report their food intake and body weight once a week for the next 12 weeks and were counselled on maintaining a moderately low-carbohydrate diet. HbA1c levels, lipid profile, body weight, and sleep quality were evaluated. The normality of the data was evaluated using the Skewness/Kurtosis test. Each variable was compared before and after the intervention using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Further, a subgroup analysis of the data from the participants whose variables were abnormal at baseline was performed. Results Among the 101 enrolled participants, a decrease in the median weight (from 82.5 to 79.7 kg, p<0.001, n=46), body mass index (from 27.3 to 26.9 kg/m 2 , p<0.001, n=46), and apnea-hypopnea index (from 24.1 to 17.1, p<0.01, n=39) was observed. Subgroup analysis of participants with abnormal baseline values revealed changes in HbA1c (from 6.7% to 5.8%, p<0.001, n=34), total cholesterol (from 220 to 209 mg/dL, p<0.01, n=54), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (from 133 to 120 mg/dL, p<0.001, n=31), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (from 35 to 40 mg/dL, p<0.01, n=31), triglycerides (from 242 to 190 mg/dL, p<0.01, n=57), and deep sleep percentage (from 10.4% to 18.2%, p<0.05, n=7). Conclusion A moderately low-carbohydrate diet may be considered a potential intervention for improving the markers of metabolic syndrome, obesity, and diabetes.

Multi-Trajectories of Macronutrient Intake and Their Associations with Obesity among Chinese Adults from 1991 to 2018: A Prospective Study

“…Other studies have found that low carbohydrate intakes have a protective effect against obesity, but most of them examined obese people who restricted their carbohydrate intakes [ 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. Proponents of an LC diet argue that it can increase energy expenditure by 400 to 600 kcal/d, equivalent to an hour of moderate PA.…”

Evaluation of the occurrence of metabolic syndrome in obese dogs and the role of caloric restriction diet as an adjuvant therapy

“…In the diet, several factors influence hyperlipidemia, including the amount of carbohydrates, the type of sugar (glucose, fructose, sucrose, lactose), the nature of starch and the size of the carbohydrate particle (RICCARDI; RIVELLESE, 2000). A calorie-restricted diet in the treatment of obesity significantly reduces the serum triglycerides levels, as dietary carbohydrate intake and obesity are associated with high levels of triglycerides (YAMADA et al, 2021). The use of low-calorie diets with high protein and fiber levels and low carbohydrate and lipid levels reduces glycemia, cholesterol and triglyceride levels (CLINE et al, 2021), which proves that diets with low lipid values allow the reduction of hyperlipidemia and decrease in these values even in those animals that show cholesterol, triglycerides, glycemia and blood pressure parameters within the normal range (PEREIRA NETO et al, 2010;VERKEST, 2014;PÉREZ-SÁNCHES et al, 2015).…”

Effect of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor medication on new prescriptions of antihypertensives, antigout/antihyperuricemics and antidyslipidemics in Japan: Analysis using the JMDC Claims Database

“…Changes in laboratory values from baseline to the last medical checkup (days 366–730 from the index date) were calculated by stratification according to the presence or absence of new prescriptions. In these patients, the number and percentage of patients exceeding the standard reference range or treatment‐recommended criteria 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 in the laboratory values were summarized at the baseline and the last medical checkup: in population I, systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥85 mmHg (exceeding the standard reference range), or SBP ≥140 mmHg or DBP ≥90 mmHg (exceeding the treatment‐recommended criteria); in population II, uric acid ≥7.0 mg/dL (exceeding the treatment‐recommended criteria); and in population III, TG ≥150 mg/dL or low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol ≥120 mg/dL (exceeding the standard reference range). If patients had two or more medical checkup data, the laboratory data closest to day 730 were adopted.…”