Changes in bone mineral density of adolescent mothers during the 12-month postpartum period

Abstract

Objective: Bone mineral density (BMD) loss has been described in adult women in the 12-month postpartum period. However, little is known about the precise BMD pattern in adolescent mothers. The present study aimed to evaluate BMD in Argentinean adolescent mothers followed up during the 12-month postpartum period. Design: Analytical, prospective clinical trial. BMD and body composition were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; bone mineral content (BMC) and BMD were measured in the lumbar spine (L2-L4), femoral neck (FN), femur trochanter (TR), total hip (TH) and total body. Changes in BMD and BMC were analysed using ANOVA for pairwise comparisons. Other comparisons were performed with the paired-sample t test and Wilcoxon test; Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to analyse the relationship among continuous variables. Setting: La Plata, Argentina. Subjects: Adolescent mothers (n 35; 17 years old or less) were recruited within 15 d after delivery. Studies and follow-up were performed at 15 d and 3, 6 and 12 months postpartum. Results: BMD and BMC losses at 3 and 6 months and recovery at 12 months fitted a quadratic curve (ANOVA) at the three sites studied (FN, TH, TR), in total-body BMD (P 5 0?000) and BMC (P 5 0?038). At hip sites, BMD loss occurred at 3 months (FN, P 5 0?000; TR, P 5 0?000; TH, P 5 0?000) and 6 months (FN, P 5 0?000; TR, P 5 0?000; TH, P 5 0?000) compared with basal values. Percentage BMD loss immediately after delivery up to 6 months was about 5 %. Conclusions: Adolescents showed significant BMD and BMC losses at 6 months postpartum, with an almost total recovery at 12 months in all sites studied.

Contribution of diet to lead exposure among children aged 1 to 7 years in La Plata, Buenos Aires

“…Therefore, it was not possible to establish a new PTWI that could be considered "protective" of health. 16 Childhood lead exposure in our population was recently estimated at a relatively low median blood lead level of 2.2 µg/dL, 12 and no specific sources of exposure were identified, so the dietary contribution to lead burden could be relevant.…”

“…According to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), the food groups that contributed the most to lead exposure in the European population included bread, toasts, soups, vegetables, fruits, water, nonalcoholic beverages, alcoholic beverages, sugar and confectionery. 16 In total diet surveys conducted in the USA between 1991 and 2005, the foods with the highest lead intake included sweet cucumber pickles, milk chocolate candy bars, canned fruit cocktail, chocolate syrup, canned potatoes, canned apricots, and shrimps. 16 In the SCOOP study, conducted in 2004 in 10 European countries, the highest lead levels were found in herbs and spices, followed by game meat, dietetic food, food supplements, and wine.…”

“…16 In total diet surveys conducted in the USA between 1991 and 2005, the foods with the highest lead intake included sweet cucumber pickles, milk chocolate candy bars, canned fruit cocktail, chocolate syrup, canned potatoes, canned apricots, and shrimps. 16 In the SCOOP study, conducted in 2004 in 10 European countries, the highest lead levels were found in herbs and spices, followed by game meat, dietetic food, food supplements, and wine. 13 In Chile, the highest lead levels were determined in sugar, fruits, and spices.…”

Contribución de la dieta a la exposición al plomo de niños de 1 a 7 años en La Plata, Buenos Aires

“…Adicionalmente, se investigó la marca de los alimentos consumidos y dónde la familia realizaba las compras de alimentos frescos y secos. La encuesta alimentaria fue diseñada sobre la base de estudios previos realizados en la Institución 14,15 y realizada por licenciados en Nutrición. Etapa 2.…”

Nutrição e outros aspectos relevantes para a saúde óssea na adolescência

“…34 Sabe-se que, na lactação, a mobilização do cálcio ósseo é um dos principais mecanismos de adaptação materna à elevada demanda de cálcio para a produção do leite. 35 No entanto, em mães adolescentes, perdas ósseas de maior magnitude ao reportado em adultas 36 têm sido observadas, 33,34,37,38 especialmente naquelas com baixa ingestão dietética de cálcio (500-895 mg/dia). 34,37,38 Em adolescentes, a recuperação da massa óssea após o desmame é controversa.…”