Changes in carbohydrates during growth and development of bajra (Pennisetum typhoides), jowar (Sorghum vulgare) and kangni (Setaria italica)

Bhatia, I. S.; Singh, Rangil; Dua, Saroj

doi:10.1002/jsfa.2740230403

Cited by 27 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Conversly, the activity of invertase (10) and a fructandegrading enzyme (25) increase as carbohydrate levels fall. However, vegetative tissues of millet do not store fructans (3), and the subunit mol wt of millet sucrose synthase and invertase are not known. In bacteria and yeast, some of the catabolite-regulated proteins are carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes (4,5,9), but in animals certain glucose-regulated proteins appear to be involved in protein glycosylation or assembly (17,18) as well as in carbohydrate metabolism (2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbohydrate Responsive Proteins in the Roots of Pennisetum americanum

Baysdorfer

VanDerWoude²

1988

Plant Physiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effect of changes in carbohydrate status on the synthesis of specific proteins was investigated in millet (Pennisetum americanum L., Leeke, Tift 23B,Ej) seedlings grown in sterile solution culture. Carbohydrate status was altered by extended darkness and sucrose feeding. Root proteins from intact seedlings were labeled with [35S]methionine, phenol-extracted, separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and visualized by au-toradiography. In fourseparate experiments, two proteins showed a consistent change in labeling when root carbohydrate levels were varied between 200 and 1000 micromole hexose per gram residual dry weight. Labeling of the first protein (P47, Mr 47 kD) increased as the carbohydrate levels rose above 500 micromole hexose per gram residual dry weight. Labeling of the second protein (P34, Mr 34 kD) increased as carbohydrate levels declined from 500 to 200 micromole hexose per gram residual dry weight. Under extreme conditions, when carbohydrate levels fell below 100 micromole hexose per gram residual dry weight, the labeling pattern of most proteins was drastically altered. It is suggested that P47 and P34 are 'carbohydrate responsive proteins,' i.e. proteins whose concentrations are controlled either directly or indirectly by tissue carbohydrate status. In contrast, the changes in protein labeling that occur once carbohydrate pools are depleted may be involved in adaptation to periods of prolonged starvation. Plants are exceptionally well adapted to a life of feast or famine. Under optimal conditions, some species can sequester up to 30% of their total dry weight in the form of storage carbohydrates , most commonly sucrose, fructans, or starch (20). In specialized storage tissues such as sugarcane internodes, carbohydrate levels can be as high as 80% of the dry weight (11). In the opposite extreme, some species can survive for long periods of time in the virtual absence of stored carbohydrate (15, 16). These adaptations almost certainly require a considerable degree of metabolic flexibility, the nature of which is only partially understood at present. In broad outline, the adaptive process may be as follows: (a) growth under normal conditions results in a moderate accumulation of sucrose, hexoses, and starch; (b) 'excess' carbohydrate production results in the massive accumulation of sucrose, starch, or fructans (12, 13, 22); (c) starvation results in the depletion of all carbohydrate pools followed by the oxidation of proteins and lipids (15, 19). An important component in the adaptation to different carbohydrate regimes could very well be changes in the synthesis of individual proteins. For example, changesin the activities of sucrose synthase (6, 7), invertase (10), and fructan-metabolizing enzymes (13, 25) are linked to changes in tissue carbohydrate status. These activity changes could be the result of either differences in the amount of enzyme or changes in enzyme properties. Similarly, changes in the labeling of individual proteins occur when excised roots are cultured in the abse...

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbohydrate Responsive Proteins in the Roots of Pennisetum americanum

Baysdorfer

VanDerWoude²

1988

Plant Physiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Reports on wheat (Jenner and Rathjan 1975) and rice (Singh and Juliano 1977) grains agree with our observations. It has previously been reported from these laboratories (Bhatia^/ al. 1972) that in Pennisetum typhoides and Setaria italica, the watersoluble carbohydrates are translocated from the leaves and stem to the developing grains in excess of the quantity required for starch synthesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…1965), The sugar-free residue was air dried. Total sugars from the clear solution and starch from the sugar-free residue were estimated as described elsewhere (Bhatia et al 1972). The starch content (mg/10 grains) was plotted against DAA.…”

Section: Fractionation Of Free Sugars and Starch From The Developing mentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolism of free sugars in relation to starch synthesis in the developing Sorghum vulgare grain

Bhatia

Gumber

Singh

1980

Physiologia Plantarum

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Accumulation of stareh at expense of its free-sugar precursors was studied in the developing grains of the •SL-44" variety of Sorghum vuigare Pers. The content of starch gradually increased with the maturation of the grain and this increase was relatively fast until 18 days after anthesis. The daily rate of starch accumulation was at a maximum 15 days after anthesis. The content of total free sugars, reducing sugars, non-redueing sugars other than sucrose, total and non-suerosyl fructose, and glucose also increased, reaching maximum values at 18 days after anthesis. Sucrose content gradually increased with a concotnitant decrease in the activity of invertase. and sucrose was the major nonreducing sugar in the matured grains. Detached heads incubated in labelled sugars indicated that, compared to sucrose and fruetose, ' ""C was more efficiently incorporated from glucose into grain starch, which was maximally synthesized at the mid-milky stage of grain development. Exogenous supply of NAD* plus ATP stimulated the //; vivo incorporation of '^C from sucrose to starch. The decline in the rate of starch accumulation did not synchronise with that of protein synthesis. Material and methods Collection and preservation of developing grainsGenetically pure seeds of Sorghum vulgare Pers, (cv, were sown in a sandy loam field. 20 kg N/acre (4050 m") as calcium ammonium nitrate was applied in two doses, i.e. half N at sowing and the rest one month later. The average temperature and susshine period during the growth of this crop ranged from 29,1-24,8°C and 0031-9317 8()()60248-()7 $03,00/0 © 1980 Physiologia Plantarum

show abstract

“…3 Uniformly growing suckers (daughter plants) of napier (Pennisetum purpureum)-bajra hybrids (NB 21)-were planted in field towards the end of March in rows 2 ft (0.6 m) apart with plants spaced at 1 ft (0.3 m) within each row. 3 Uniformly growing suckers (daughter plants) of napier (Pennisetum purpureum)-bajra hybrids (NB 21)-were planted in field towards the end of March in rows 2 ft (0.6 m) apart with plants spaced at 1 ft (0.3 m) within each row.…”

Section: Experimental 21 Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in cell‐wall carbohydrates and lignin of some forage‐type millets as affected by growth stage

1975

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Changes in the cell-wall carbohydrates and lignin of bajra (Pennisetum typhoides), jowar (Sorghum vulgare) and napier (Pennisetum purpureum)-bajra hybrids (NB21) as affected by growth stage are reported. With growth of the plants the concentrations of cc-cellulose and hemicellulose increased in the stems. In bajra and jowar this increase was gradual up to 60-70 days growth stage followed by a decline and a subsequent rise towards maturity. In contrast, in NBz1, cc-cellulose continued to rise gradually throughout the growth period. The concentration of hemicellulose was much higher in the stems than in the leaves of NBz1. With the ageing of the plants the lignin content increased in all these forage crops. In NBzl the stems contained more lignin than the leaves at all stages of maturity. Fluctuations in the contents of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose followed similar trends indicating that possibly they are components of a common matrix in the cell wall. In NBzl the water-soluble carbohydrates continued to rise throughout the growth period unlike other forage crops. The protein content decreased as the NBzl plants matured. The protein content of the leaves of these plants was always higher than that of the stems. The oxalates gradually declined with the maturation of the plants.

show abstract

Changes in carbohydrates during growth and development of bajra (Pennisetum typhoides), jowar (Sorghum vulgare) and kangni (Setaria italica)

Cited by 27 publications

References 29 publications

Carbohydrate Responsive Proteins in the Roots of Pennisetum americanum

Carbohydrate Responsive Proteins in the Roots of Pennisetum americanum

Metabolism of free sugars in relation to starch synthesis in the developing Sorghum vulgare grain

Changes in cell‐wall carbohydrates and lignin of some forage‐type millets as affected by growth stage

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About