Changes in carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids during cellular development in tomato fruit locule tissue

Davies, Julian; Cocking, E. C.

doi:10.1007/bf00385654

Cited by 65 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The localization of starch in young fruit is tissue-specific. Wang et al (1994) also reported that starch is accumulated in the columella, radial pericarp, and inner pericarp, with lower levels in the outer pericarp and seed jelly, although there have been reports that the seed cavity does contain starch (Janes, 1941;Davies and Cocking, 1965). Our results indicate that the spatial distribution of starch can be accounted for by Suc-to-starch metabolic enzyme activities.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Sucrose-to-Starch Metabolism in Tomato Fruit Undergoing Transient Starch Accumulation

1997

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lmmature green tomato (Lycopersicon esculenfum) fruits undergo a period of transient starch accumulation characterized by developmental changes in the activities of key enzymes in the sucrose (Suc)-to-starch metabolic pathway. Activities of Suc synthase, fructokinase, ADP-glucose (Clc) pyrophosphorylase, and soluble and insoluble starch synthases decline dramatically in parallel to the decrease i n starch levels in the developing fruit. Comparison of "maximal" i n vitro activities of the enzymes in the Suc-to-starch pathway suggests that these same enzymes are limiting to the rate of starch accumulation. In contrast, activities of invertase, UDP-Clc pyrophosphorylase, nucleoside diphosphate kinase, phosphoglucoisomerase, and phosphoglucomutase do not exhibit dramatic decreases in activity and appear to be in excess of starch accumulation rates. Starch accumulation is spatially localized in the inner and radial pericarp and columella, whereas the outer pericarp and seed locule contain little starch. The seed locule is characterized by lower activities of Suc synthase, UDP-Clc pyrophosphorylase, phosphoglucomutase, ADP-Clc pyrophosphorylase, and soluble and insoluble starch synthases. The outer pericarp exhibits comparatively lower activities of ADP-Clc pyrophosphorylase and insoluble starch synthase only. These data are discussed in terms of the developmental and tissue-specific coordinated control of Suc-to-starch metabolism.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Sucrose-to-Starch Metabolism in Tomato Fruit Undergoing Transient Starch Accumulation

1997

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“…That is, the form of PFP present in one tissue with a given metabolic function may differ significantly from the enzyme in a tissue with another function. We have put this idea to a further test using pericarp of tomato fruit-a tissue known to change from a starch-storing to a sugar-storing function during ripening (7,14). The results indicate that, while occurring in analogous enzyme forms, the PFPs from green and red fruit show a pronounced difference on activation by Fru-2,6-P2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Pyrophosphate Fructose-6-P 1-Phosphotransferase from Tomato Fruit

Wong¹,

Kiss²,

Wu³

et al. 1990

Plant Physiol.

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Three forms of pyrophosphate fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase (PFP) were purified from both green and red tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) fruit: (a) a classical form (designated 02) containing a-(66 kilodalton) and ,B-(60 kilodalton) subunits; (b) a form (01) containing a ,-doublet subunit; and (c) a form (Q0o) that appeared to contain a ,B-singlet subunit. Several lines of evidence suggested that the different forms occur under physiological conditions. Q2 was purified to apparent electrophoretic homogeneity; Q1 and Q0 were highly purified, but not to homogeneity. The distribution of the PFP forms from red (versus green) tomato was: Q2, 29% (90%); 01, 47% (6%); and Q0, 24% (4%). The major difference distinguishing the red from the green tomato enzymes was the fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (Fru-2,6-P2)-induced change in Km for fructose-6-phosphate (Fru-6-P), the 'green forms' showing markedly enhanced affinity on activation (Km decrease of 7-9-fold) and the 'red forms' showing either little change (Q0o, Q1) or a relatively small (2.5-fold) affinity increase (02). The results extend our earlier findings with carrot root to another tissue and indicate that forms of PFP showing low or no affinity increase for Fru 6-P on activation by Fru-2,6-P2 (here 01 and Qo) are associated with sugar storage, whereas the classical form (02), which shows a pronounced affinity increase, is more important for starch storage. from most plant sources is highly stimulated by Fru-2,6-P2 (1, 2, 5, 6, 8-10, 15-18, 20, 21), the enzyme from leaves of CAM plants responds only sluggishly to this activator (5,8,10). In another case (wheat seedlings), PFP activity has been reported to be associated with two structurally different enzyme forms (21). Finally, in a recent study (18), our laboratory has identified in carrot roots a form of PFP that differs both kinetically and structurally from other forms of the enzyme studied to date.As a result of this unusual kinetic and structural diversity, we have considered the possibility that the properties of PFP depend on the functional nature of the parent tissue (18). That is, the form of PFP present in one tissue with a given metabolic function may differ significantly from the enzyme in a tissue with another function. We have put this idea to a further test using pericarp of tomato fruit-a tissue known to change from a starch-storing to a sugar-storing function during ripening (7,14). The results indicate that, while occurring in analogous enzyme forms, the PFPs from green and red fruit show a pronounced difference on activation by Fru-2,6-P2. The activated green forms are characterized by a marked increase in affinity for Fru 6-P, whereas the red forms show either little or no change in this connection. A preliminary account of this work has been published (19

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“…During this stage, starch, which represents the major carbon reserve in the fruit, reaches a maximal accumulation (Ho, 1996). The second stage corresponds to cell enlargement associated with the degradation of starch into soluble sugars (Davies and Cocking, 1965;Schaffer and Petreikov, 1997). The last stage corresponds to a slow growth phase comprising the fruit-ripening phase, characterized by intensive metabolic changes that lead to Glc and Fru accumulation .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

SlARF4, an Auxin Response Factor Involved in the Control of Sugar Metabolism during Tomato Fruit Development

et al. 2013

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Successful completion of fruit developmental programs depends on the interplay between multiple phytohormones. However, besides ethylene, the impact of other hormones on fruit quality traits remains elusive. A previous study has shown that downregulation of SlARF4, a member of the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) auxin response factor (ARF) gene family, results in a darkgreen fruit phenotype with increased chloroplasts (Jones et al., 2002). This study further examines the role of this auxin transcriptional regulator during tomato fruit development at the level of transcripts, enzyme activities, and metabolites. It is noteworthy that the dark-green phenotype of antisense SlARF4-suppressed lines is restricted to fruit, suggesting that SlARF4 controls chlorophyll accumulation specifically in this organ. The SlARF4 underexpressing lines accumulate more starch at early stages of fruit development and display enhanced chlorophyll content and photochemical efficiency, which is consistent with the idea that fruit photosynthetic activity accounts for the elevated starch levels. SlARF4 expression is high in pericarp tissues of immature fruit and then undergoes a dramatic decline at the onset of ripening concomitant with the increase in sugar content. The higher starch content in developing fruits of SlARF4 down-regulated lines correlates with the up-regulation of genes and enzyme activities involved in starch biosynthesis, suggesting their negative regulation by SlARF4. Altogether, the data uncover the involvement of ARFs in the control of sugar content, an essential feature of fruit quality, and provide insight into the link between auxin signaling, chloroplastic activity, and sugar metabolism in developing fruit.

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Changes in carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids during cellular development in tomato fruit locule tissue

Cited by 65 publications

References 27 publications

Sucrose-to-Starch Metabolism in Tomato Fruit Undergoing Transient Starch Accumulation

Sucrose-to-Starch Metabolism in Tomato Fruit Undergoing Transient Starch Accumulation

Pyrophosphate Fructose-6-P 1-Phosphotransferase from Tomato Fruit

SlARF4, an Auxin Response Factor Involved in the Control of Sugar Metabolism during Tomato Fruit Development

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