Changes in Cell Number, Osmotic Potential and Concentrations of Carbohydrates and Inorganic Ions in Tweedia caerulea during Flower Opening

Norikoshi, Ryo; Imanishi, Hideo; Ichimura, Kazuo

doi:10.2503/jjshs1.82.51

Cited by 27 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…3), suggesting that cell division stops earlier in abaxial than in adaxial epidermal cells. Cell division of adaxial and abaxial epidermal cells terminates at the same stage in T. caerulea (Norikoshi et al, 2013). In contrast, the division of both adaxial and abaxial epidermal cells in rose continues even when flowers have opened completely (Yamada et al, 2009b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…2). In other flowers including daylily (Bieleski, 1993), rose (Evans and Reid, 1988), and T. caerulea (Norikoshi et al, 2013), the FW/DW ratio increases during flower opening, suggesting that petal growth involves water influx in these plants. No decrease in the FW/DW ratio in petals during flower opening has been reported for other flowers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the petal growing stage during flower development and opening can be divided into four phases in Eustoma: cell division and expansion, cell division, cell division and expansion, and cell expansion. In G. grandiflora (Koning, 1984) and T. caerulea (Norikoshi et al, 2013), only two phases have been observed: cell division and expansion, and cell expansion. In rose petals, similar findings have been reported, although cell division continues in the final stage of flower opening (Yamada et al, 2009b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In carna-tion flowers, increase in DNA content terminated when petals emerged from the calyx, suggesting that cell division stops at this stage (Kenis et al, 1985). In Gaillardia grandiflora (Koning, 1984) and Tweedia caerulea (Norikoshi et al, 2013), the division of petal cells stopped before flower opening and petal growth associated with flower opening was due to cell expansion. However, cell division in rose did not stop in open flowers, and petal growth during flower opening was due mainly to cell expansion (Yamada et al, 2009b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For petal cell expansion, accumulation of osmotica in the cells is required. Soluble carbohydrate concentrations in the petals increase during flower opening in many flowers, including carnation , rose (Yamada et al, 2009a), and T. caerulea (Norikoshi et al, 2013), suggesting that soluble carbohydrates act as osmotica. In rose petal cells, soluble carbohydrates accumulate in vacuoles, resulting in decreased osmotic potential, which is associated with cell expansion during flower (Yamada et al, 2009a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cell Division and Expansion in Petals during Flower Development and Opening in <i>Eustoma grandiflorum</i>

2016

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cell Division and Expansion in Petals during Flower Development and Opening in <i>Eustoma grandiflorum</i>

2016

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OPEN GLUME1: a key enzyme reducing the precursor of JA, participates in carbohydrate transport of lodicules during anthesis in rice

Wang

Duan

et al. 2017

Plant Cell Rep

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OG1 is involved in JA-regulated anthesis by modulating carbohydrate transport of lodicules in rice. Flowering plants have evolved a sophisticated regulatory network to coordinate anthesis and maximize reproductive success. In addition to various environmental conditions, the plant hormone jasmonic acid and its derivatives (JAs) are involved in anthesis. However, the underlying mechanism remains largely unexplored. Here, we report a JA-defective mutant in rice (Oryza sativa), namely open glume 1, which has dysfunctional lodicules that lead to open glumes following anthesis. Map-based cloning and subsequent complementation tests confirmed that OG1 encodes a peroxisome-localized 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductase-a key enzyme that reduces the precursor of JA. Loss-of-function of OG1 resulted in almost no JA accumulation. Exogenous JA treatment completely rescued the defects caused by the og1 mutation. Further studies revealed that intracellular metabolism was disrupted in the lodicules of og1 mutant. At the mature plant stage, most seeds of the mutant were malformed with significantly reduced starch content. We speculate that JA or JA signaling mediates the carbohydrate transport of lodicules during anthesis, and signal the onset of cell degradation in lodicules after anthesis. We conclude that the OPEN GLUME 1 gene that produces a key enzyme involved in reducing the precursor of JA in JA biosynthesis and is involved in carbohydrate transport underlying normal lodicule function during anthesis in rice.

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Accumulation of mannitol in the cytoplasm and vacuole during the expansion of sepal cells associated with flower opening in Delphinium × belladonna cv. Bellamosum

Norikoshi

Yamada

Niki

et al. 2015

Planta

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The role of mannitol differs from that of glucose, fructose and sucrose in sepal cell expansion associated with flower opening in Delphinium × belladonna. Sepals of Delphinium × belladonna are colored and much larger than the petals. To determine whether the role of mannitol in sepal growth associated with flower opening differs from those of ubiquitous metabolic sugars including glucose, fructose and sucrose, we investigated changes in cell number, subcellular concentrations of soluble carbohydrates, and osmotic potential in sepals during flower opening in Delphinium × belladonna cv. Bellamosum. The number of epidermal cells in the sepals did not increase from the stage when sepal pigmentation started, whereas the cell area increased during flower opening, indicating that petal growth during flower opening depends on cell expansion. Mannitol concentrations in the vacuole at three different stages were approximately 100 mM, which were much higher than the other carbohydrate concentrations, but they decreased slightly at open stage. In contrast, mannitol concentration in the cytoplasm was 56 mM at bud stage, but it increased to 104 mM at open stage. Glucose and fructose concentrations in the vacuole at open stage increased to 45 and 56 mM, respectively. Total osmotic potential in apoplast and symplast, which was partially due to soluble carbohydrates, was almost constant during flower opening. Therefore, mannitol may be acting constitutively as the main osmoticum in the vacuole where it may contribute to the maintenance of the osmotic balance between the cytoplasm and vacuole in open flowers. The role of mannitol differs from those of glucose, fructose, and sucrose in sepal cell expansion in Delphinium × belladonna.

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Changes in Cell Number, Osmotic Potential and Concentrations of Carbohydrates and Inorganic Ions in Tweedia caerulea during Flower Opening

Cited by 27 publications

References 23 publications

Cell Division and Expansion in Petals during Flower Development and Opening in <i>Eustoma grandiflorum</i>

Cell Division and Expansion in Petals during Flower Development and Opening in <i>Eustoma grandiflorum</i>

OPEN GLUME1: a key enzyme reducing the precursor of JA, participates in carbohydrate transport of lodicules during anthesis in rice

Accumulation of mannitol in the cytoplasm and vacuole during the expansion of sepal cells associated with flower opening in Delphinium × belladonna cv. Bellamosum

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