Changes in cognitive functioning after COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Abstract

Introduction:We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the cognitive effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in adults with no prior history of cognitive impairment. Methods: Searches in Medline/Web of Science/Embase from January 1, 2020, to December 13, 2021, were performed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A meta-analysis of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) total score comparing recovered COVID-19 and healthy controls was performed. Results: Oof 6202 articles, 27 studies with 2049 individuals were included (mean age = 56.05 years, evaluation time ranged from the acute phase to 7 months post-infection). Impairment in executive functions, attention, and memory were found in post-COVID-19 patients. The meta-analysis was performed with a subgroup of 290 individuals and showed a difference in MoCA score between post-COVID-19 patients versus controls

Post-acute COVID-19 cognitive impairment and decline uniquely associate with kynurenine pathway activation: a longitudinal observational study

“…Moreover, whilst disease severity was associated with reduced lung function, there was no association between disease severity or lung function with mild cognitive decline, suggesting that symptoms of acute COVID-19 infection are not necessarily associated with cognitive function in the months following COVID-19 infection. Our finding of no association between CI and disease severity including respiratory function is in keeping with other studies (Table S1) 2 . This finding has major public health and economic implications: relying on disease severity (especially mild to moderate distinction) to estimate disease burden will result in a significant underestimate.…”

“…QUIN > 605 (nM): reference 32 The continous outcomes provide the best model (see panel A). 2 . KYN (uM) /TRP (uM) ratio * 10 3 (standard cut-off >63): reference 33 .…”

“…There is evidence that SARS CoV-2 is associated with objectively tested cognitive impairment (CI) post-acute illness [1][2][3] (see Table S1) but the extent, trajectory, and the nature of this new condition is unclear. Acute COVID-19 disease severity with its attendant complications is a major differential factor in the nature and extent of cognitive deficits 4 .…”

SARS-CoV-2 Neuroinvasion, Inflammatory Neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's Disease

“…id=2448b930-1451-43e4-8634-c0c16707c749; last accessed 27 May 2022; Kallet et al, 2019;Lee et al, 2021;Zuin et al, 2021;Stefanou et al, 2022;Visco et al, 2022). It has been observed that about ∼75% of hospitalized COVID-19 patients have at least one COVID-19-associated comorbidity and COVID-19 patients with underlying chronic illnesses are more likely be affected with a more adverse and unfavorable prognosis (Chiner-Vives et al, 2022;Crivelli et al, 2022;Kirtipal et al, 2022).…”

Clearing the Fog: A Systematic Review on Cognitive Dysfunction in COVID-19

“…For this reason, researches into the putative link between SARS-CoV-2 and neurological manifestations continue to grow (Desai et al, 2021; Ghannam et al, 2020; Guadarrama-Ortiz et al, 2020). Cognitive dysfunction, also known as brain fog, is defined as the decrements in the cognitive status during continuous mental activity (García-Sánchez et al, 2022). Brain fog as a general term can present as confusion, difficulty finding the appropriate words, disorientation, memory problems, altered mental status, and trouble concentrating (Altuna et al, 2021; Asadi-Pooya et al, 2022; Hampshire et al, 2021).…”