Changes in composition and abundance of functional groups of arctic fungi in response to long-term summer warming

Semenova, Tatiana A.; Morgado, Luis; Welker, Jeffrey M.

doi:10.1098/rsbl.2016.0503

Cited by 29 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, habitat‐scale filters likely drive the establishment of a further subset of the local species pool, partly selected according to their functional attributes. Similar to Geml, Semenova, Morgado, and Welker (), we also observed compositional differences amongst habitats within the functional groups (Figure ). This suggests that at a habitat scale, within‐group functional variability (e.g., differences in nutrient acquisition or contrasting types of hyphal exploration) may influence species composition in relatively stable, climax communities by niche‐based rather than stochastic processes that are more common in early successional stages (Blaalid et al., ; Jumpponen, ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Several studies have experimentally demonstrated that the composition and function of fungal communities shift in response to increased snow accumulation or temperature (Deslippe, Hartmann, Simard, & Mohn, ; Geml et al., , ; Morgado et al., , ; Mundra et al., ; Semenova et al., , ). However, further investigations are needed, since complex interactions may occur with habitat type (Morgado et al., ), changes in N deposition (Lilleskov et al., ), date of snowmelt (Schmidt et al., ), microbial activity in winter (Aanderud, Jones, Schoolmaster, Fierer, & Lennon, ; Buckeridge & Grogan, ; Schimel, Bilbrough, & Welker, ; Semenchuk et al., ), floristic composition or climatic variability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Abrupt changes in the composition and function of fungal communities along an environmental gradient in the high Arctic

et al. 2017

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Fungi play a key role in soil-plant interactions, nutrient cycling and carbon flow and are essential for the functioning of arctic terrestrial ecosystems. Some studies have shown that the composition of fungal communities is highly sensitive to variations in environmental conditions, but little is known about how the conditions control the role of fungal communities (i.e., their ecosystem function). We used DNA metabarcoding to compare taxonomic and functional composition of fungal communities along a gradient of environmental severity in Northeast Greenland. We analysed soil samples from fell fields, heaths and snowbeds, three habitats with very contrasting abiotic conditions. We also assessed within-habitat differences by comparing three widespread microhabitats (patches with high cover of Dryas, Salix, or bare soil). The data suggest that, along the sampled mesotopographic gradient, the greatest differences in both fungal richness and community composition are observed amongst habitats, while the effect of microhabitat is weaker, although still significant. Furthermore, we found that richness and community composition of fungi are shaped primarily by abiotic factors and to a lesser, though still significant extent, by floristic composition. Along this mesotopographic gradient, environmental severity is strongly correlated with richness in all fungal functional groups: positively in saprotrophic, pathogenic and lichenised fungi, and negatively in ectomycorrhizal and root endophytic fungi. Our results suggest complex interactions amongst functional groups, possibly due to nutrient limitation or competitive exclusion, with potential implications on soil carbon stocks. These findings are important in the light of the environmental changes predicted for the Arctic.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abrupt changes in the composition and function of fungal communities along an environmental gradient in the high Arctic

et al. 2017

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“…Biological drivers potentially tied to fluxes are improved species performance [ Chapin and Shaver , ; Oberbauer et al, ], shift in plant communities [ Walker et al , ; Schuur et al , ; Myers‐Smith et al , ; Hollister et al , ], and herbivory [ Welker et al , ; Kelsey et al , ]. The warming of soils and thawing of permafrost stimulate soil organic matter decomposition [ Mackelprang et al , ; Schädel et al , ; Xue et al , ] and increase heterotrophic respiration from soils result in a positive feedback to the atmospheric CO 2 concentration but will depend on snow accumulation [ Nowinski et al , ; Blanc‐Betes et al , ] and changes in soil community abundance and composition [ Mohan et al , ; Morgado et al , ; Parker et al , ; Semenova et al , ; Geml et al , ; Morgado et al , ]. Increased CO 2 loss may, however, be counteracted by increases in net primary production (NPP) as plant productivity increases [ Epstein et al , ] and the plant community shifts from graminoid to shrub dominance [ Sturm et al , ; Walker et al , ; Myers‐Smith et al , ; Pearson et al , ; Hollister et al , ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tundra is a consistent source of CO₂ at a site with progressive permafrost thaw during 6 years of chamber and eddy covariance measurements

et al. 2017

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Current and future warming of high‐latitude ecosystems will play an important role in climate change through feedbacks to the global carbon cycle. This study compares 6 years of CO2 flux measurements in moist acidic tundra using autochambers and eddy covariance (Tower) approaches. We found that the tundra was an annual source of CO2 to the atmosphere as indicated by net ecosystem exchange using both methods with a combined mean of 105 ± 17 g CO2 C m−2 y−1 across methods and years (Tower 87 ± 17 and Autochamber 123 ± 14). The difference between methods was largest early in the observation period, with Autochambers indicated a greater CO2 source to the atmosphere. This discrepancy diminished through time, and in the final year the Autochambers measured a greater sink strength than tower. Active layer thickness was a significant driver of net ecosystem carbon exchange, gross ecosystem primary productivity, and Reco and could account for differences between Autochamber and Tower. The stronger source initially attributed lower summer season gross primary production (GPP) during the first 3 years, coupled with lower ecosystem respiration (Reco) during the first year. The combined suppression of GPP and Reco in the first year of Autochamber measurements could be the result of the experimental setup. Root damage associated with Autochamber soil collar installation may have lowered the plant community's capacity to fix C, but recovered within 3 years. While this ecosystem was a consistent CO2 sink during the summer, CO2 emissions during the nonsummer months offset summer CO2 uptake each year.

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“…At the same time, increasing diversity of the flora in the European tundra as a whole and those specific local floras are more obvious here compared to continental regions of Siberia (Yurtsev et al 2004; Walker et al 2012; Belonovskaya et al 2016). Traditionally, these processes are studied on the basis of various groups of animals and plants, whereas representatives of the Fungi Kingdom are extremely uncommon to be used as model groups (Dahlberg et al 2013; Geml et al 2016). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal changes of clavarioid funga (Basidiomycota) diversity in the tundra zone of Eurasia

Shiryaev

2017

Mycology

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The study deals with certain variations of the diversity level of clavarioid funga in the 33 localities (100 km2 each) inside seven longitudinal sectors (100,000 km2) situated along the gradient of the climatic continentality of the Eurasian tundra zone. As continentality increases, from the maritime climate of Fennoscandia to the continental climate of Yakutia, α-diversity and γ-diversity decrease considerably. On the other side, spatial turnover of species, or β-diversity, grows in the direction of continental areas. This paper uses the following methods to assess the spatial turnover: Whittaker’s index and mean Jaccard similarity index, as well as by several other parameters. In addition, our data show that the genus Typhula is richest in the tundra, and its share in the structure of the clavarioid funga grows as the studied area decreases, as well as when the environmental conditions become more severe (continentality of the climate). Also, the paper discusses the issue of newly emerging taiga fungi species in the European Arctic, which is connected with climatic warming followed by ″greening″ of the tundra. Note that in the cryo-semiarid continental climate of Yakutia, where climatic changes are just as pronounced, no new taxons have been discovered so far.

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Changes in composition and abundance of functional groups of arctic fungi in response to long-term summer warming

Cited by 29 publications

References 18 publications

Abrupt changes in the composition and function of fungal communities along an environmental gradient in the high Arctic

Abrupt changes in the composition and function of fungal communities along an environmental gradient in the high Arctic

Tundra is a consistent source of CO₂ at a site with progressive permafrost thaw during 6 years of chamber and eddy covariance measurements

Longitudinal changes of clavarioid funga (Basidiomycota) diversity in the tundra zone of Eurasia

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Changes in composition and abundance of functional groups of arctic fungi in response to long-term summer warming

Cited by 29 publications

References 18 publications

Abrupt changes in the composition and function of fungal communities along an environmental gradient in the high Arctic

Abrupt changes in the composition and function of fungal communities along an environmental gradient in the high Arctic

Tundra is a consistent source of CO2 at a site with progressive permafrost thaw during 6 years of chamber and eddy covariance measurements

Longitudinal changes of clavarioid funga (Basidiomycota) diversity in the tundra zone of Eurasia

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Tundra is a consistent source of CO₂ at a site with progressive permafrost thaw during 6 years of chamber and eddy covariance measurements