Changes in Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors Associated With Increased Treadmill Time in 753 Men

Abstract

Associations between changes in treadmill time and changes in coronary heart disease risk factors were studied in 753 middle-aged men seen between 1978-1981 at the Cooper Clinic in Dallas, Texas. Men were free of known disease at baseline. Significant increases (p less than 0.01) in exercise habits and treadmill time were seen over the course of the study; average follow-up was 1.6 years. In bivariate analyses, increases in treadmill time and weight loss were associated with improvements (p less than 0.01) in risk factors. Multiple regression models were calculated for several risk factors with age, length of follow-up, change in weight, and change in treadmill time as independent variables. After controlling for confounding, increase in treadmill time was independently associated with decreases in the total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio (p less than 0.01) and serum uric acid (p less than 0.05). High density lipoprotein-cholesterol rose with increase in treadmill time (p less than 0.05).

Cardiorespiratory fitness and coronary artery calcification in young adults: The CARDIA Study

“…It is known that some factors (e.g., blood lipids) improve after fitness training [7][8][11][12]39], consistent with correlations observed in the present study; blood lipids are not confounders if they are in the causal pathway. In our study, a dose-response relation between cardiorespiratory fitness and CAC persisted without adjustment for blood lipids, but this association became nonsignificant with adjustment for blood lipids indicating that these lipids are likely in the causal pathway.…”

“…Although cardiorespiratory fitness is a strong predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality and mediates atherosclerotic risk [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16], there has been little research on the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and subclinical atherosclerotic vascular disease in young adults. Our major finding was that cardiorespiratory fitness was inversely associated with early atherosclerosis in African-American and White young adults.…”

“…Cardiorespiratory fitness is a strong predictor of all-cause and CVD mortality [4][5][6]. Improvements in fitness reduce blood pressure [7,8] and improve lipid profile [7,8], sensitivity to insulin [9], blood coagulation [10], platelet aggregation [11], fibrinolysis [12,13], and antioxidant defense systems [14][15][16]. However, the effects of cardiorespiratory fitness on the progression of early subclinical atherosclerotic vascular disease remain less clear.…”

How Much Physical Activity is Good for Health?

“…One prospective epidemiological study evaluated change in physical fitness in relation to change in blood pressure (10). A total of 753 middle-aged men were followed for an average of 1.6 years, with physical fitness assessed at baseline and fo llow-up examinations by max imal exercise treadmill test ing.…”

Comparison of coronary heart disease risk factors in foreign-born and United States-born Afro Caribbean Americans and African Americans in South Florida

“…There is also evidence that as populations become more affluent they will also practice the dietary habits of more developed countries and experience increases in chronic degenerative conditions such as CHD, stroke, diabetes, obesity and some types of cancers (Sinha, 1995;Henry, 2001;WHO, 2000;Sharma et al, 1999). Sharma et al (1999) There are studies indicating that physical activity lowers LDL-C and TG levels, raises HDL-C cholesterol levels, improves insulin sensitivity and lowers blood pressure (Blair et al, 1983;King and Kriska, 1992;Helmrich et al, 1991;Haskell et al, 1994;NCEP: ATP III, 2001). Conversely, there is evidence indicating that physical inactivity is a major risk factor for CHD (NCEP: ATP III, Fletcher et al, 1994;US Surgeon General Report, 1996).…”