Changes in cortically induced rhythmic jaw movements after lesioning of the red nucleus in rats

Satoh, Yoshihide; Ishizuka, Kanako; Murakami, Toshiki

doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2007.06.008

Cited by 29 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The location of the neurons that constitute CPG was previously suggested to be in the brainstem reticular formation in the pons and medulla (Lund & Kolta, ; Nakamura & Katakura, ). Masticatory CPG is unique because repetitive electrical microstimulations of the cerebral cortex and its descending fibres (i.e., corticobulbar tracts [CT]) may induce rhythmic jaw movements during anaesthetized (Chandler, Nielsen, & Goldberg, ; Hidaka et al., ; Komuro et al., ; Satoh, Ishizuka, & Murakami, ; Uchino et al., ) as well as non‐anaesthetized (Hatanaka, Tokuno, Nambu, Inoue, & Takada, ; Isogai et al., ; Kato et al., ; Yao, Lavigne, Lee, Adachi, & Sessle, ) conditions in experimental animals. Studies have shown that masticatory CPG may be activated during sleep in experimental animals (Kato et al., , ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimentally induced rhythmic jaw muscle activities during non‐rapid eye movement sleep in freely moving guinea pigs

Yamada

Higashiyama

Toyoda

et al. 2019

Journal of Sleep Research

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Rhythmic jaw muscle activities frequently occur during non‐rapid eye movement sleep in patients with sleep bruxism. The present study aimed to investigate the response characteristics of the masticatory rhythm generation during non‐rapid eye movement sleep in animals. Eleven guinea pigs were surgically prepared for polygraphic recordings by electromyography, electrooculography, electroencephalography and electrocardiography with the implantation of a stimulating electrode. Repetitive electrical microstimulations at three intensities were applied to the corticobulbar tract under freely moving conditions. The rhythmic electro‐myographic responses of the digastric and masseter muscles were scored and analysed. Changes in cortical electro‐encephalographic power and heart rate in association with these stimulations were quantified. Microstimulations to the corticobulbar tract induced rhythmic jaw muscle activities in digastric muscles, occasionally with masseter activities during wakefulness and non‐rapid eye movement sleep. The response rate of rhythmic jaw muscle activities was significantly lower (p < 0.01) and the response latency was significantly longer (p < 0.01) during non‐rapid eye movement sleep than during wakefulness. At higher stimulus intensities, the response rate increased and response latency decreased. The mean burst intervals of the digastric and masseter muscles were similar regardless of vigilance states and stimulus intensities. Induced rhythmic jaw muscle activities during non‐rapid eye movement sleep were followed by a transient decrease in delta power and increases in beta power and heart rate. During non‐rapid eye movement sleep, the masticatory motor system is able to generate rhythmic outputs to the jaw muscles in response to facilitatory inputs although the responsiveness was decreased from wakefulness.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimentally induced rhythmic jaw muscle activities during non‐rapid eye movement sleep in freely moving guinea pigs

Yamada

Higashiyama

Toyoda

et al. 2019

Journal of Sleep Research

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“…Masticatory movement can be observed spontaneously or induced by electrical stimulation of the cortical masticatory areas or axonal tract from them in anesthetized animals. 36–41 The model is beneficial to record NBM neuronal activity simultaneously with rCBF, and then to examine effects of inhibiting the NBM activation on rCBF response. Further, importantly, we can apply a muscle relaxant to clarify contribution of peripheral somatosensory inputs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of the basal nucleus of Meynert on regional cerebral cortical vasodilation associated with masticatory muscle activity in rats

Hotta

Suzuki

Inoue

et al. 2019

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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We examined the neural mechanisms for increases in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the neocortex associated with mastication, focusing on the cortical vasodilative system derived from the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM). In pentobarbital-anesthetized rats, parietal cortical rCBF was recorded simultaneously with electromyogram (EMG) of jaw muscles, local field potentials of frontal cortex, multi-unit activity of NBM neurons, and systemic mean arterial pressure (MAP). When spontaneous rhythmic EMG activity was observed with cortical desynchronization, an increase in NBM activity and a marked rCBF increase independent of MAP changes were observed. A similar rCBF increase was elicited by repetitive electrical stimulation of unilateral cortical masticatory areas. The magnitude of rCBF increase was partially attenuated by administration of the GABAergic agonist muscimol into the NBM. The rCBF increase persisted after immobilization with systemic muscle relaxant (vecuronium). rCBF did not change when jaw muscle activity was induced by electrical stimulation of the pyramidal tract. The results suggest that activation of NBM vasodilator neurons contributes at least in part to the rCBF increase associated with masticatory muscle activity, and that the NBM activation is induced by central commands from the motor cortex, independently of feedback from brainstem central pattern generator or contracting muscles.

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“…Apart from the well‐established roles in the motor system (Orlovsky, ; Muir & Whishaw, ; Lavoie & Drew, ), there is a growing body of evidence that the red nucleus has distinct functional roles in the control of the jaw‐opening reflex (Satoh et al. , ; Yajima et al. ), as well as in pain processing and aversive events (Sommer et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absolute number of parvicellular and magnocellular neurons in the red nucleus of the rat midbrain: a stereological study

Aghoghovwia

Oorschot

2016

Journal of Anatomy

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The absolute number of parvicellular and magnocellular neurons in the red nucleus was estimated using design-based stereological counting methods and systematic random sampling techniques. Six young adult male rats, and a complete set of serial 40-μm glycolmethacrylate sections for each rat, were used to quantify neuronal numbers. After a random start, a systematic subset (i.e. every third) of the serial sections was used to estimate the total volume of the red nucleus using Cavalieri's method. The same set of sampled sections was used to estimate the number of neurons in a known subvolume (i.e. the numerical density Nv ) by the optical disector method. Multiplication of the total volume by Nv yielded the absolute number of neurons. It was found that the right red nucleus consisted, on average, of 8400 parvicellular neurons (with a coefficient of variation of 0.16) and 7000 magnocellular neurons (0.12). These total neuronal numbers provide important data for the transfer of information through these nuclei and for species comparisons.

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Changes in cortically induced rhythmic jaw movements after lesioning of the red nucleus in rats

Cited by 29 publications

References 30 publications

Experimentally induced rhythmic jaw muscle activities during non‐rapid eye movement sleep in freely moving guinea pigs

Experimentally induced rhythmic jaw muscle activities during non‐rapid eye movement sleep in freely moving guinea pigs

Involvement of the basal nucleus of Meynert on regional cerebral cortical vasodilation associated with masticatory muscle activity in rats

Absolute number of parvicellular and magnocellular neurons in the red nucleus of the rat midbrain: a stereological study

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