Changes in Coyote Movements Due to Military Activity

Gese, Eric M.; Rongstad, Orrin J.; Mytton, William R.

doi:10.2307/3801133

Cited by 42 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Activity patterns of animals are influenced by environmental factors and can be changed by the animal itself (Daan 1981;Gese et al 1989;Gross et al 1995;Ciucci et al 1997;Seddon and Ismail 2002). Studies have shown that highways and railroads have a negative effect on the survival and reproduction of wildlife (Waring et al 1991;Ciucci et al 1997;Lodé 2000;Swarthout and Steidl 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of highway traffic on diurnal activity of the critically endangered Przewalski's gazelle

Jiang

Zhang

et al. 2009

Wildl. Res.

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Highway traffic is considered to be one of the factors that influence survival of wildlife. Przewalski's gazelle is a critically endangered species that lives in the Qinghai Lake watershed of western China. To learn the impacts of traffic on activity patterns of Przewalski's gazelle, we investigated the relationship between traffic flow and diurnal behaviours of the gazelle on the eastern shore of Qinghai Lake, where a highway was built in 2002. During the summers of 2005 and 2006, we collected traffic data on the highway and observed the activity of the Przewalski's gazelle population in the area. The results of statistical analysis showed the following: (1) frequency of behaviours such as standing, locomotion, foraging and resting differed among the 15 1-h sampling periods (daytime); (2) numbers of total vehicles, heavy vehicles and light vehicles were significantly different among the daytime hours; (3) there was a positive correlation between the frequency of resting of the gazelles and the number of passing vehicles, and a negative correlation between the frequencies of foraging and alert responses and the number of passing vehicles; (4) by comparing our results with those of a previous study on the gazelles at this site, before the construction of the highway, we found that the diurnal rhythms of foraging, standing and resting have changed markedly (e.g. the three peaks of foraging at 1300, 1600 and 1800 hours in 1996 changed to two peaks of foraging at 0600 and 2000 hours). Our results suggest that the highway traffic may have caused a change in diurnal activity of Przewalski's gazelle, with the animals tending to keep away from the highway when the traffic flow is high. We suggest traffic-control measures to reduce disturbance to, and thus enhance conservation of, this highly threatened species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of highway traffic on diurnal activity of the critically endangered Przewalski's gazelle

Jiang

Zhang

et al. 2009

Wildl. Res.

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“…Similarly, the military training areas in the Netherlands comprise approximately 1% of the total available land area, but have been reported to support approximately 53% of all vascular plant species, and 61% of all bird species found within this nation (Gazenbeek 2005;Warren et al 2007). It is also important to recognize the significance of military training areas to provide key habitat for wide-ranging megafauna species such as bears, ungulates, coyotes, and wolves that require large tracts of land for foraging and hunting (Gese et al 1989;Stephenson et al 1996;Telesco and Van Manen 2006). Globally, military training areas have been estimated to encompass approximately 6% of the Earth's surface spanning a multitude of environments and ecosystems.…”

Section: Environmental Impacts Of Military Base Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of modern war and military activities on biodiversity and the environment

et al. 2015

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Abstract:War is an ever-present force that has the potential to alter the biosphere. Here we review the potential consequences of modern war and military activities on ecosystem structure and function. We focus on the effects of direct conflict, nuclear weapons, military training, and military produced contaminants. Overall, the aforementioned activities were found to have overwhelmingly negative effects on ecosystem structure and function. Dramatic habitat alteration, environmental pollution, and disturbance contributed to population declines and biodiversity losses arising from both acute and chronic effects in both terrestrial and aquatic systems. In some instances, even in the face of massive alterations to ecosystem structure, recovery was possible. Interestingly, military activity was beneficial under specific conditions, such as when an exclusion zone was generated that generally resulted in population increases and (or) population recovery; an observation noted in both terrestrial and aquatic systems. Additionally, military technological advances (e.g., GPS technology, drone technology, biotelemetry) have provided conservation scientists with novel tools for research. Because of the challenges associated with conducting research in areas with military activities (e.g., restricted access, hazardous conditions), information pertaining to military impacts on the environment are relatively scarce and are often studied years after military activities have ceased and with no knowledge of baseline conditions. Additional research would help to elucidate the environmental consequences (positive and negative) and thus reveal opportunities for mitigating negative effects while informing the development of optimal strategies for rehabilitation and recovery.Key words: war, biodiversity, ecosystem structure, conflict, military activities, environment, conservation biology.Résumé : La guerre est une force omniprésente ayant le potentiel d'altérer l'atmosphère. Les auteurs passent en revue les conséquences potentielles des activités guerrières et militaires modernes sur la structure et le fonctionnement des écosystèmes. On met l'accent sur les effets directs et indirects des conflits, des armes nucléaires, des entrainements militaires et des contaminants des produits militaires. Dans l'ensemble, on constate que les activités préalablement mentionnées ont des effets négatifs écrasants sur la structure et le fonctionnement des écosystèmes. Avec des altérations dramatiques des habitats, la pollution et les perturbations environnementales contribuent au déclin des populations et aux pertes de biodiversité provenant des effets aigus et chroniques sur les systèmes terrestres aussi bien qu'aquatiques. Tout de même dans certains cas, en présence d'altérations massives de la structure des écosystèmes, la récupération s'est avérée possible. Il est intéressant de noter qu'une activité militaire fut bénéfique sous des conditions spécifiques telles que la création d'une zone d'exclusion, en générant des augmentations générales des p...

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“…By promoting rapid vegetation regrowth and inducing flowering, fire provides an abundant supply of the preferred food resource to O. bezoarticus during dry seasons . Additional research is needed to address potential impacts of military activity on animal populations (Lawrence, Zolderdo, Struthers, & Cooke, 2015), but it seems to be related to the amount of available natural cover, topography, and type and intensity of military activity (Delaney et al, 2011;Gese, Rongstad, & Mytton, 1989;Quist, Fay, Guy, Knapp, & Rubenstein, 2003;Smith, Turner, & Rusch, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artillery for Conservation

Arimoro

Lacerda

Tomás

et al. 2017

Tropical Conservation Science

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Military training areas (MTA) are increasingly recognized as sites that harbor high levels of biodiversity, including large numbers of endangered species, yet their conservation value has not been rigorously assessed. Here, we studied the species richness and composition of medium-and large-sized mammals in Formosa MTA, a Brazilian military area, as a case study to assess the conservation value of military areas. We also made an evaluation of Brazilian MTAs regarding size, distributions, and representation of within ecoregion/biome compared with other protected areas. The medium-and large-sized mammal community composition fits the pattern described for the Cerrado, characterized by species of wide distributions, but locally rare. The Formosa MTA supports a relatively higher richness (n ¼ 29) than protected areas in nearby regions and is a refuge for eight endangered species. Our study identified 52 MTAs covering a total area of 3 million ha. Our findings highlight the relevance of Formosa MTA for the conservation of regional mammalian fauna and indicate the potential of other military areas in the context of biological conservation.

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Changes in Coyote Movements Due to Military Activity

Cited by 42 publications

References 7 publications

Effects of highway traffic on diurnal activity of the critically endangered Przewalski's gazelle

Effects of highway traffic on diurnal activity of the critically endangered Przewalski's gazelle

The effects of modern war and military activities on biodiversity and the environment

Artillery for Conservation

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