Changes in cytokinin levels of Phalaenopsis leaves at high temperature

Chou, Chin Chih; Chen, Wen-Shaw; Huang, Kuang-Liang; Yu, Hsiao-Ching; Liao, Li‐Jen

doi:10.1016/s0981-9428(00)00746-4

Cited by 27 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This result was in agreement with previous observations that high temperature reduced the abundance of active CTKs (aCTKs) in Arabidopsis and Phalaenopsis (Chou et al, 2000; Skalák et al, 2016). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Heat-Induced Cytokinin Transportation and Degradation Are Associated with Reduced Panicle Cytokinin Expression and Fewer Spikelets per Panicle in Rice

Cui

Wang

et al. 2017

Front. Plant Sci.

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Cytokinins (CTKs) regulate panicle size and mediate heat tolerance in crops. To investigate the effect of high temperature on panicle CTK expression and the role of such expression in panicle differentiation in rice, four rice varieties (Nagina22, N22; Huanghuazhan, HHZ; Liangyoupeijiu, LYPJ; and Shanyou63, SY63) were grown under normal conditions and subjected to three high temperature treatments and one control treatment in temperature-controlled greenhouses for 15 days during the early reproductive stage. The high temperature treatments significantly reduced panicle CTK abundance in heat-susceptible LYPJ, HHZ, and N22 varieties, which showed fewer spikelets per panicle in comparison with control plants. Exogenous 6-benzylaminopurine application mitigated the effect of heat injury on the number of spikelets per panicle. The high temperature treatments significantly decreased the xylem sap flow rate and CTK transportation rate, but enhanced cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX) activity in heat-susceptible varieties. In comparison with the heat-susceptible varieties, heat-tolerant variety SY63 showed less reduction in panicle CTK abundance, an enhanced xylem sap flow rate, an improved CTK transport rate, and stable CKX activity under the high temperature treatments. Enzymes involved in CTK synthesis (isopentenyltransferase, LONELY GUY, and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase) were inhibited by the high temperature treatments. Heat-induced changes in CTK transportation from root to shoot through xylem sap flow and panicle CTK degradation via CKX were closely associated with the effects of heat on panicle CTK abundance and panicle size. Heat-tolerant variety SY63 showed stable panicle size under the high temperature treatments because of enhanced transport of root-derived CTKs and stable panicle CKX activity. Our results provide insight into rice heat tolerance that will facilitate the development of rice varieties with tolerance to high temperature.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Cytokinins in the roots, xylem sap, and panicles were extracted and purified according to methods reported by Xie and Zhang (2001) and Hoyerová et al (2006) and quantified according to the methods of Chou et al (2000) using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with some minor modifications.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat-Induced Cytokinin Transportation and Degradation Are Associated with Reduced Panicle Cytokinin Expression and Fewer Spikelets per Panicle in Rice

Cui

Wang

et al. 2017

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…The physiological mechanism of inhibition of flowering at high temperatures is not understood. It has been suggested that a high temperature may interrupt synthesis or interconversion of plant hormones such as cytokinin or gibberellin [26,27], or that high temperatures weaken the floral signal effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Light Intensity and Temperature on Flowering and Morphology of Potted Red Firespike

2018

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Red firespike (Odontonema strictum) is a tropical flowering plant that was selected as a potential flowering potted plant for its attractive red floral spikes. The objective of this study was to evaluate how light intensity, photoperiod, and temperature affect the growth and flowering of firespike. In Experiment 1, plants were grown under 0%, 45%, or 65% shade and two photoperiod conditions; long-day (LD = ≥14 h) and short-day (SD = 9 h), for 16 weeks. Plants grown under 45% shade + LD were tallest at 35.9 cm, while plants grown under 65% shade + SD were shortest at 22.8 cm. During the finishing stage, the number of inflorescences increased when plants were grown under 45% shade + SD, 45% shade + LD, and no shade, with 6, 7, and 9 inflorescences, respectively. In addition, the first open flower was observed in the 0% shade group (control) 92 days after starting the experiment. The time to first open flower increased when the plants were grown under 65% shade, either under SD or LD. In Experiment 2, plants were grown in controlled environment growth chambers with average daily temperatures of 15, 25, or 35 °C and an irradiance of 200 µmol·m−2·s−1 for 9 h per day. Plants grown at 25 °C were the tallest and had the largest leaf area. Plants grown at 15 and 35 °C had 28% and 22% less leaf area, respectively. The average number of inflorescences in plants grown at 25 °C was 1.6, while no inflorescence development was observed in plants grown at 15 or 35 °C by the termination of the experiment. There were no differences between plant growth index or branch number in response to temperature. Under the experimental conditions tested, the most rapid and uniform flowering of firespike occurred when plants were grown under no shade or at 25 °C.

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“…If a spiked phalaenopsis plant is moved to a high-temperature environment (30°C) before its inflorescence differentiation, it will not produce flowers. This situation may be related to the decline of gibberellic acids (GAs) and cytokinin concentration in the developing flower stem (Chen et al, 1994;Chou et al, 2000). Using plant growth substances such as GA 3 or N-6-benzyladenine (BA) separately at high temperatures failed to induce phalaenopsis to spike or bloom (Chen et al, 1994(Chen et al, , 1997Kubota et al, 1997).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Use of N-6-benzyladenine to Regulate Flowering of Phalaenopsis Orchids

Wu¹,

Chang²

2009

hortte

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Phalaenopsis orchid (Phalaenopsis hybrids) is an important potted flower around the world. Programming phalaenopsis to bloom as needed and improving flower quality are important to increasing profitability. Whole plants were sprayed with 70 mg·L−1 N-6-benzyladenine (BA) at dusk on days 1 and 14 after subjecting them to a 26/18 °C treatment. The spiking percentage at week 4 after the start of the 26/18 °C treatment of phalaenopsis Luchia Pink ‘244’ control plants was 58% ± 12% (mean ± se), while 98% ± 4% of the BA-treated plants developed floral spikes. The number of flower spikes in phalaenopsis Luchia Pink ‘244’ and doritaenopsis orchid (Doritaenopsis hybrids) Taisico Firebird ‘OX’ increased from 1 to 1.2 flower spikes per plant and from 1.6 to 2 flower spikes per plant at the end of week 14, respectively. When whole plants were sprayed with 150 mg·L−1 BA at dusk on day 1 of cooling, the number of flower spikes in phalaenopsis Sogo Yukidian ‘V3’ increased from 1.3 to 2 flower spikes per plant, and the flower count in phalaenopsis Tai Lin Redangel ‘Queen’ increased from 10.4 to 14 flowers at the end of week 20. However, the flower longevity of phalaenopsis Sogo Yukidian ‘V3’ and phalaenopsis Tai Lin Redangel ‘Queen’ was not affected. However, phalaenopsis Luchia Pink ‘244’ sprayed with 70 mg·L−1 BA on days 1 and 14 resulted in deformed flower spikes. It is recommended that 14 to 16 weeks before specific festivals, the phalaenopsis orchids should be put into 26/18 °C and BA treatments (100–150 mg·L−1) at day 1 for commercial phalaenopsis orchids production. However, perhaps BA is not effective for all cultivars.

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Changes in cytokinin levels of Phalaenopsis leaves at high temperature

Cited by 27 publications

References 18 publications

Heat-Induced Cytokinin Transportation and Degradation Are Associated with Reduced Panicle Cytokinin Expression and Fewer Spikelets per Panicle in Rice

Heat-Induced Cytokinin Transportation and Degradation Are Associated with Reduced Panicle Cytokinin Expression and Fewer Spikelets per Panicle in Rice

The Effect of Light Intensity and Temperature on Flowering and Morphology of Potted Red Firespike

The Use of N-6-benzyladenine to Regulate Flowering of Phalaenopsis Orchids

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