Changes in distribution of cardiac output after hemorrhage in rabbits

Jm, Neutze; Wyler, F; Am, Rudolph

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1968.215.4.857

Cited by 55 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…Forsyth et al (29,30) have documented the pattern of regional blood flow and resistance associated with the activation of sympathetic nervous system by hemorrhage or hypothalamic stimulation in monkeys. Their results are consistent with results in other species and man (31)(32)(33)(34). This sympathetic reflex-mediated pattern demonstrates preservation of blood flow to the heart, brain, liver, and lung at the expense of less vital structures such as skin, bone, muscle, and abdominal viscera.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Effects of Bradykinin and Autonomic Nervous System Inhibition on Systemic and Regional Hemodynamics in the Unanesthetized Rhesus Monkey

Reichgott

Forsyth

Melmon

1971

Circulation Research

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Studies were performed in unanesthetized monkeys to determine if bradykinin infusions reproduce the circulatory events of early endotoxemia. Kinin infusions before and during autonomic ganglionic blockade with trimethaphan were significantly correlated (P<0.05) with decreases in mean arterial pressure. Kinin infusion at 15-18 //.g/kg min-1 produced 26 mm Hg fall in mean blood pressure at 3 min, due to fall in total peripheral resistance of 14 mm Hg/liter min-1 . Heart rate rose 23 beats/min. After 10 minutes of infusion, peripheral resistance had returned to base line, blood pressure remained low due to fall in cardiac output of 0.53 liters/min (P<0.01). Ganglionic blockade prevented recovery of resistance. Plasma bradykinin levels at 3 and 10 minutes were 14 and 15 ng/ml, respectively. Regional and systemic hemodynamic effects of kinin (15-18 /tg/kg min-1 ) were determined in 10 monkeys. After 10 minutes of infusion, bradykinin produced systemic effects. Regional flow measurement (by radioactive microsphere technique) demonstrated a pattern similar to that seen during hemorrhage. Ganglionic blockade lowered mean arterial pressure 33 mm Hg by generalized vasodilatation. Kinin infusion then resulted in further vasodilatation and fall in blood pressure of 12 mm Hg, and cardiac output of 0.74 liters/min. Regional flow distribution during combined infusion was similar to that seen during early endotoxemia. This study was supported in part by U. S. Public Health Service Grants HE 09964, GM 01791, and HE 06285. KEYReceived April 8, 1971. Accepted for publication August 6, 1971. unusual pattern of systemic cardiovascular response has led to a search for vasodilators as trigger substances or mediators of these effects (8).Elevated levels of bradykinin have been found both in experimental endotoxemia in the monkey (9) and spontaneous sepsis in man (10-12). Changes in plasma bradykinin levels in vivo during experimental endotoxemia in the primate correlate with the appearance of the shock state (9), and endotoxin can activate at least two kin ingenerating systems in vitro (13). Bradykinin has been implicated, therefore, as one possible mediator of endotoxin shock in the primate.The experiments reported here were designed to study the effects of bradykinin on the circulation of the unanesthetized primate and to test whether bradykinin could mimic 368REICHGOTT, FORSYTH, MELMON the specific regional blood flow changes produced by endotoxin (7). An alternative mechanism for the sustained decrease of peripheral resistance during early endotoxemia is lack of effective reflex cardiovascular response to hypotension (14). To test this possibility, we also examined the regional and systemic hemodynamic changes occurring during autonomic ganglionic blockade before and during bradykinin infusion. A pattern of systemic and regional cardiovascular changes similar to that seen in the early endotoxin shock state was reproduced by bradykinin infusion only when reflex responses to hypotension had been inhibited by autonomic ner...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Effects of Bradykinin and Autonomic Nervous System Inhibition on Systemic and Regional Hemodynamics in the Unanesthetized Rhesus Monkey

Reichgott

Forsyth

Melmon

1971

Circulation Research

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“…21,22 This preferential redistribution of the cardiac output occurs at the expense of other vascular beds like the gut. 23 With continued peripheral circulatory insufficiency, tissue hypoperfusion becomes self-destructive as blood flow falls below the metabolic needs of the parenchymal cells and vital organs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypertonic saline resuscitation improves intestinal microcirculation in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock

Zakaria

Tsakadze

Garrison

2006

Surgery

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Background-Conventional resuscitation (CR) from hemorrhagic shock (HS) often restores and maintains hemodynamics but fails to restore intestinal perfusion. Post-CR intestinal ischemia has been implicated in the initiation of a gut-derived exaggerated systemic inflammatory response and in the progressive organ failure following HS. We propose that intestinal ischemia can be prevented with hypertonic saline resuscitation (HTSR).

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“…On the other hand, canine cutaneous blood flow was augmented in accordance with a blood pressure elevation evoked by the carotid reflex (BOND and GREEN, 1969), but on this occasion no constriction of the cutaneous vessels was obtained. In hemorrhaging, however, constriction of cutaneous vessels was observed (NEUTZE et al, 1968 ;FORSYTH et al, 1970;SCHWINGHAMER et al, 1970). IRIKI et al (1971) reported an augmentation of cutaneous and visceral sympathetic activity in a severe hypoxia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular Resistance of Intestine, Muscle and Skin during Blood Pressure Oscillation

1979

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After the blood supply to the head was surgically limited to one common carotid artery in rabbits, the artery was compressed by exertion of stepwise elevated side pressure on a segment of the artery. Systemic arterial pressure rose and began to oscillate when the side pressure was increased to 50 to 60 mmHg. The oscillations were regular and occurred at a rate of 3 to 4 per minute with a wave height of 15 to 45 mmHg. Concomitant with systemic pressure oscillations, and in near synchrony were undulations in the perfusion pressures recorded during constant flow from the vascularly isolated abdominal skin, skeletal muscle and small intestine. With the graded elevation of side pressure on the common carotid artery, mean systemic pressure and perfusion pressure showed a nearly exponential relation. The ratio between the two variables was slightly less than one below the systemic pressure of 120 mmHg and rapidly increased above this level. At ratios greater than one, the peripheral resistance undulations in the isolated areas gave a larger minimum and maximum, a sharper contour and, particularly in the skin, a phase lag in the period of the wave form when compared to the systemic pressure oscillations. These observations highlight the differences in response characteristics of peripheral resistance vessels and those of cardiac output and different consecutive parts of the systemic arteries during periods of intense sympathetic activation.In 1901, CUSHING (1901) observed a blood pressure oscillation in the process of a stepwise elevation of cerebrospinal fluid pressure in dogs. From that time, several investigators (GUYTON and SATTERFIELD, 1952; SAGAWA et al., 1961 a, b) have studied "central nervous system ischemic reflex oscillation" as named by GUYTON and SATTERFIELD (1952). MIYAKAWA (1966 a, b) devised a method for elicitation of a blood pressure oscillation in rabbits, by graded compression of a common carotid artery which was left as the only route of blood supply to the brain. We call this experiment the "side pressure exertion experiment." Thereafter, a number

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Changes in distribution of cardiac output after hemorrhage in rabbits

Cited by 55 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of Bradykinin and Autonomic Nervous System Inhibition on Systemic and Regional Hemodynamics in the Unanesthetized Rhesus Monkey

Effects of Bradykinin and Autonomic Nervous System Inhibition on Systemic and Regional Hemodynamics in the Unanesthetized Rhesus Monkey

Hypertonic saline resuscitation improves intestinal microcirculation in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock

Vascular Resistance of Intestine, Muscle and Skin during Blood Pressure Oscillation

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