Changes in dorsal neck muscle activity related to imposed eye movement in the decerebrate pigeon

Hayman, M. R.; Donaldson, I M L

doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(97)00018-3

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Although previous studies have investigated the different components that contribute to bird gaze stabilization including eye movements (Anastasio and Correia 1988;Dickman and Angelaki 1999;Dickman et al 2000;Nye 1969), vestibulocollic responses (Gioanni 1988a;Gioanni and Sansonetti 1999), neck muscle activation (Hayman and Donaldson 1997;Hayman et al 1993), and behavior (Nalbach 1992;Troje and Frost 2000;Turke et al 1996;Wohlschlager et al 1993), in this study, we have shown for the first time differences in gaze control strategies between two different bird species. Specifically, we found that, unlike the undercompensatory head-fixed VOR for both pigeons and quails, gaze was completely compensatory during normal head motion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Vestibular Gaze Stabilization: Different Behavioral Strategies for Arboreal and Terrestrial Avians

Haque

Dickman²

2005

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Haque, Asim and J. David Dickman. Vestibular gaze stabilization: different behavioral strategies for arboreal and terrestrial avians. J Neurophysiol 93: 1165-1173, 2005. First published November 3, 2004 doi:10.1152/jn.00966.2004. In birds, it is thought that head movements play a major role in the reflexive stabilization of gaze and vision. In this study, we investigated the contributions of the eye and head to gaze stabilization during rotations under both head-fixed [vestibuloocular (VOR)] and headfree conditions in two avian species: pigeons and quails. These two species differ both in ocular anatomy (the pigeon has 2 distinct foveal regions), as well as in behavioral repertoires. Pigeons are arboreal, fly extended distances, and can navigate. Quails are primarily engrossed in terrestrial niches and fly only short distances. Unlike the head-fixed VOR gains that were under-compensatory for both species, gaze gains under head-free conditions were completely compensatory at high frequencies. This compensation was achieved primarily with head movements in pigeons, but with combined head and eye-in-head contributions in the quail. In contrast, eye-in-head motion, which was significantly reduced for head-free compared with head-fixed conditions, contributed very little to overall gaze stability in pigeons. These results suggest that disparity between the stabilization strategies employed by these two birds may be attributed to differences in species-specific behavior and anatomy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Vestibular Gaze Stabilization: Different Behavioral Strategies for Arboreal and Terrestrial Avians

Haque

Dickman²

2005

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…This provides additional compelling evidence that the e¡ect is, indeed, produced by an EOM a¡erent signal. At about the same time, the velocity-dependent e¡ects of IEM on the EMG activity of lateral rectus (Hayman 1994) and on the activity of neck muscles during the vestibulocervical re£ex (Hayman & Donaldson 1997) were shown to be abolished by section of VOphth. It is important to notice that these velocitydependent e¡ects are produced by slow eye movements in the velocity range of the slow phase of the HVOR in experiments in which, as explained above, there is a vestibularly evoked motor command.…”

Section: (H) Movements Of the Globementioning

confidence: 97%

“…Pigeons are foveate with excellent visual acuity (Hodos et al 1985) and make a variety of eye movements. They have a welldeveloped VOR (Anastasio & Correia 1988;Donaldson & Knox 2000;Gioanni 1988a) and an optokinetic system (Gioanni 1988b) (see also comments by Hayman & Donaldson (1997)). Finally, we knew from the work of Whitteridge, for example Hamdi & Whitteridge (1954), that a stable decerebrate preparation could be made.…”

Section: (E) Studies In the Pigeonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further background to these studies is to be found in Hayman's thesis (Hayman 1994). The experiments were then extended (Hayman & Donaldson 1997) to examine speci¢c aspects of the relationship between the direction of the imposed eye movement and the particular neck muscle pairs involved in the VCR induced by vestibular stimulation in the horizontal plane and in the roll^tilt (ear-up^ear-down) plane. The e¡ects of movements imposed on the left eye (IEM) on the activity of three neck muscle pairsösplenius, complexus and biventer cervicisöwere studied by recording the modulation of their electromyographic activity during sinusoidal oscillation of the bird in either the horizontal or the rollt ilt (ear-up^ear-down) plane.…”

Section: Actions Of Extraocular Muscle Afferent Signals On Neck Muscles and In The Control Of Gazementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the right muscles the corresponding e¡ect was maximal inhibition on de£ection of the left eye to the left. The details of the interactions are set out in Hayman & Donaldson (1997) as are the various control experiments that indicated that the source of the signals during IEM was almost certainly the EOM proprioceptors. Particularly important was the observation that intracranial section of the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve (VOphth) of the eye being moved immediately and permanently abolished all the modulatory e¡ects of IEM on the vestibularly induced modulation of neck muscle activity.…”

Section: Actions Of Extraocular Muscle Afferent Signals On Neck Muscles and In The Control Of Gazementioning

confidence: 99%

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The functions of the proprioceptors of the eye muscles

Donaldson

2000

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

173

142

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This article sets out to present a fairly comprehensive review of our knowledge about the functions of the receptors that have been found in the extraocular muscles--the six muscles that move each eye of vertebrates in its orbit--of all the animals in which they have been sought, including Man. Since their discovery at the beginning of the 20th century these receptors have, at various times, been credited with important roles in the control of eye movement and the construction of extrapersonal space and have also been denied any function whatsoever. Experiments intended to study the actions of eye muscle receptors and, even more so, opinions (and indeed polemic) derived from these observations have been influenced by the changing fashions and beliefs about the more general question of how limb position and movement is detected by the brain and which signals contribute to those aspects of this that are perceived (kinaesthesis). But the conclusions drawn from studies on the eye have also influenced beliefs about the mechanisms of kinaesthesis and, arguably, this influence has been even larger than that in the converse direction. Experimental evidence accumulated over rather more than a century is set out and discussed. It supports the view that, at the beginning of the 21st century, there are excellent grounds for believing that the receptors in the extraocular muscles are indeed proprioceptors, that is to say that the signals that they send into the brain are used to provide information about the position and movement of the eye in the orbit. It seems that this information is important in the control of eye movements of at least some types, and in the determination by the brain of the direction of gaze and the relationship of the organism to its environment. In addition, signals from these receptors in the eye muscles are seen to be necessary for the development of normal mechanisms of visual analysis in the mammalian visual cortex and for both the development and maintenance of normal visuomotor behaviour. Man is among those vertebrates to whose brains eye muscle proprioceptive signals provide information apparently used in normal sensorimotor functions; these include various aspects of perception, and of the control of eye movement. It is possible that abnormalities of the eye muscle proprioceptors and their signals may play a part in the genesis of some types of human squint (strabismus); conversely studies of patients with squint in the course of their surgical or pharmacological treatment have yielded much interesting evidence about the central actions of the proprioceptive signals from the extraocular muscles. The results of experiments on the eye have played a large part in the historical controversy, now in at least its third century, about the origin of signals that inform the brain about movement of parts of the body. Some of these results, and more of the interpretations of them, now need to be critically re-examined. The re-examination in the light of recent experiments that is presented here does not ...

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Functional morphology of the primate head and neck

Nalley

Grider-Potter

2015

American J Phys Anthropol

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The vertebral column plays a key role in maintaining posture, locomotion, and transmitting loads between body components. Cervical vertebrae act as a bridge between the torso and head and play a crucial role in the maintenance of head position and the visual field.Despite its importance in positional behaviors, the functional morphology of the cervical region remains poorly understood, particularly in comparison to the thoracic and lumbar sections of the spinal column. This study tests whether morphological variation in the primate cervical vertebrae correlates with differences in postural behavior. Phylogenetic generalized least-squares analyses were performed on a taxonomically broad sample of 26 extant primate taxa to test the link between vertebral morphology and posture. Kinematic data on primate head and neck postures were used instead of behavioral categories, in an effort to provide a more direct analysis of our functional hypothesis. Results provide evidence for a function-form link between cervical vertebral shape and postural behaviors. Specifically, taxa with more pronograde heads and necks and less kyphotic orbits exhibit cervical vertebrae with longer spinous processes, indicating increased mechanical advantage for deep nuchal musculature, and craniocaudally longer vertebral bodies and more coronally oriented zygapophyseal articular facets, suggesting an emphasis on curve formation and maintenance within the cervical lordosis, coupled with a greater resistance to translation and ventral displacement. These results not only document support for functional relationships in cervical vertebrae features across a wide range of primate taxa, but highlight the utility of quantitative behavioral data in functional investigations. ! !Despite the critical role of the vertebral column in postural and locomotor behaviors, our understanding of primate cervical vertebral form and function is markedly limited compared to knowledge of thoracolumbar functional morphology (Schultz, 1942(Schultz, , 1961Toerien, 1961;Mercer, 1999;Manfreda et al., 2006; Ankel-Simons, 2007;Mitteroecker et al., 2007). Many early descriptions of primate cervical morphology as a whole concluded that skeletal variation was limited and that the region was thus relatively uninformative regarding functional or phylogenetic questions (e.g., Toerien, 1961; Ankel 1967 Ankel , 1970 Ankel , 1972. Notable exceptions include Slijper (1946) and Schultz (1961). Slijper's 1946 work investigated the presacral vertebral column across animals and developed several body-axis models stilled used today (e.g., Clauser, 1980;Shapiro, 1991;Dunbar et al., 2008;Stevens, 2013). Furthermore, the author recognized the positive relationship between body size and spinous process size and argued that the differences in cervical spinous process length between humans, great apes, and monkeys was related to head posture and position maintenance (see Toerien (1961) as well). Schultz (1961) focused mostly on measurements of the thoracic and lumbar regions, but descr...

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Changes in dorsal neck muscle activity related to imposed eye movement in the decerebrate pigeon

Cited by 7 publications

References 35 publications

Vestibular Gaze Stabilization: Different Behavioral Strategies for Arboreal and Terrestrial Avians

Vestibular Gaze Stabilization: Different Behavioral Strategies for Arboreal and Terrestrial Avians

The functions of the proprioceptors of the eye muscles

Functional morphology of the primate head and neck

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