Changes in EMG characteristics and metabolic energy cost during 90-min prolonged running

Abe, Daijiro; Muraki, Satoshi; Yanagawa, Kazumasa; Fukuoka, Yoshiyuki; Niihata, Shigemitsu

doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2006.12.014

Cited by 24 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Minetti et al (1994) suggested that the positive work, which consisted of concentric muscle contractions in the major locomotor muscles, abruptly increased during uphill running, being consistent with our results exhibiting a significant increase in the iEMG and/or RMS of the CON phase (Table 1). This result was partly supported by the results of Abe et al (2007). Prior studies have reported that the elastic energy could be stored only in the ECC phase, and the energy expenditure in the CON phase was 3-5 times greater than that of the ECC phase (Aura and Komi, 1986a, b;Bosco et al, 1982;Minetti et al, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…As previously reported (Abe et al, 2007(Abe et al, , 2010, the electrodes were initially placed over the VL, vastus medialis and rectus femoris, however, the amplitude of the EMG signal from the VL was the largest. Therefore, only the VL of the dominant leg was selected as a target muscle not to disturb the individual natural running mechanics.…”

Section: Emg Sampling and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These authors found that the ratio of the eccentric (ECC) to concentric (CON) phases of integrated electromyography (iEMG) obtained from the quadriceps femoris during knee extension exercise significantly correlated with the mechanical efficiency of pure positive work during stretch-shortening cycle exercise. Bourdin et al (1995) and Abe et al (2007) applied this surface EMG technique to quantify 'muscle elastic capacity' during running and showed a close relationship between EMG characteristics and the energy cost of running per unit distance, which is substantially related to RE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Load and Gradient on Energy Cost of Running

Abe

Fukuoka

Muraki

et al. 2011

J Physiol Anthropol

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This study quantified the interaction of electromyography (EMG) obtained from the vastus lateralis and metabolic energy cost of running (C r ; mL · [massϩ load] Ϫ1 · meter Ϫ1), an index of running economy, during submaximal treadmill running. Experiments were conducted with and without load on the back on a motor-driven treadmill on the downhill, level and uphill slopes. The obtained EMG was full-wave rectified and integrated (iEMG). The iEMG was divided into eccentric (ECC) and concentric (CON) phases with a foot sensor and a knee-joint goniometer. The ratio of ECC to CON (ECC/CON ratio) was regarded as the muscle elastic capacity during running on each slope. The C r was determined as the ratio of the 2-min steady-state VO 2 to the running speed. We found a significant decrease in the C r when carrying the load at all slopes. The ECC/CON ratio was significantly higher in the load condition at the downhill and level slopes, but not at the uphill slope. A significant gradient difference was observed in the C r (downϽlevelϽup) and ECC/CON ratio (downϭlevelϾuphill). Thus, an alteration of Cr by the gradient and load was almost consistent with that of the ECC/CON ratio. The ECC/CON ratio, but not the rotative torque (T ) functioning around the center of body mass, significantly correlated with C r (rϭϪ0.41, pϽ0.05). These results indicated that the ECC/CON ratio, rather than T, contributed to one of the energy-saving mechanisms during running with load.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Emg Sampling and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Load and Gradient on Energy Cost of Running

Abe

Fukuoka

Muraki

et al. 2011

J Physiol Anthropol

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“…The electrodes were initially placed over the VL, vastus medialis, and rectus femoris. However, the amplitude of the EMG signal from the VL during leg locomotion was found to be the largest, as previously reported (Abe et al, 2007). Therefore, only the VL was selected as a target muscle in order not to disturb the STS motion.…”

Section: Set-up and Measurementsupporting

confidence: 72%

Biomechanical Analysis of Gait and Sit-to-Stand Patterns Using a Specially Made Knee Supporter in Healthy Young and Elderly Individuals

Abe¹,

Hotta²,

Fukuoka³

et al. 2010

J Physiol Anthropol

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This study examined the ergonomic effects of a specially made knee supporter containing spiral bone springs aimed at reducing physical stress on the leg muscles during sit-to-stand (STS) and walking. Twelve young females and fifteen elderly subjects performed STS and treadmill walking with and without a specially made supporter, which may be a simple device for aiding STS and/or walking. During STS, electromyography (EMG) was observed from the vastus lateralis of the right leg. The root mean square (RMS) and mean power frequency (MPF) were calculated from the observed EMG. The changing rate of maximal leg acceleration, the third time derivative of the leg position, was also assessed during treadmill walking at a freely chosen stride frequency and speed. A significant decrease in the RMS was observed during STS when wearing the supporter in both groups. A significant increase in the changing rate of maximal leg acceleration was found during walking with the supporter in both groups. MPF significantly increased when wearing the supporter only in the young group. These results showed that the supporter with spiral bone springs reduced physical stress placed on the quadriceps muscles during STS and walking. This ergonomic contrivance will reduce the possible "risk" of stumbling and/or falling in elderly individuals. The reduced physical burden on the quadriceps muscles will also reduce or delay muscle fatigue, which will further result in an increase in the amount of daily physical activities exhibited in physically poor populations.

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“…20,27 Contact and Initial Response During foot contact, the quadriceps muscle group acts eccentrically to maintain hip and knee movement while the hamstrings coactivate concentrically. 24,36 In this phase, both muscles display high activation levels and, therefore, both contribute to joint stability by cocontracting. The increased knee-flexion angle (Table 4) coupled with the higher VM:BF coactivation ratio during the LR 1 phase (Table 3) indicates reduced knee-joint stiffness, because the amount of simultaneous muscle activation changed in favor of the quadriceps muscle.…”

Section: Preactivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle Coactivation Before and After the Impact Phase of Running Following Isokinetic Fatigue

Kellis

Zafeiridis

Amiridis

2011

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context: The effects of fatigue on impact loading during running are unclear, with some authors reporting increased impact forces and others reporting decreased forces.Objective: To examine the effects of isokinetic fatigue on muscle cocontraction ratios about the knee and ankle during running.Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Neuromechanics laboratory.Patients or Other Participants: Female middle-distance runners (age 5 21.3 6 1.93 years) with at least 5 years of training experience.Intervention(s): Participants ran on the treadmill at 3.61 m/s before and immediately after the fatigue protocol, which consisted of consecutive, concentric knee extension-flexion at 1206/s until they could no longer produce 30% of the maximum knee-extension moment achieved in the familiarization session for 3 consecutive repetitions.Main Outcome Measure(s): Electromyographic (EMG) amplitude of the vastus medialis (VM), biceps femoris (BF), gastrocnemius (GAS), and tibialis anterior (TA) was recorded using surface electrodes. Agonist:antagonist EMG ratios for the knee (VM:BF) and ankle (GAS:TA) were calculated for the preactivation (PR), initial loading response (LR 1 ), and late loading response (LR 2 ) phases of running. Hip-, knee-, and ankle-joint angular displacements at initial foot contact were obtained from 3-dimensional kinematic tracings.Results: Fatigue did not alter the VM:BF EMG ratio during the PR phase (P . .05), but it increased the ratio during the LR 1 phase (P , .05). The GAS:TA EMG ratio increased during the LR 1 phase after fatigue (P , .05) but remained unchanged during the PR and LR 2 phrases (P . .05).Conclusions: The increased agonist EMG activation, coupled with reduced antagonist EMG activation after impact, indicates that the acute decrease in muscle strength capacity of the knee extensors and flexors results in altered muscleactivation patterns about the knee and ankle before and after foot impact.Key Words: biomechanics, muscle fatigue, joint stability Key PointsN After an isokinetic fatigue protocol for the knee-extensor and knee-flexor muscles, participants contacted the ground with a greater knee-flexion angle.N An antagonist inhibition strategy about the knee and ankle was noted, as was a quadriceps-dominant strategy during the preactivation and initial contact phases of running.

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Changes in EMG characteristics and metabolic energy cost during 90-min prolonged running

Cited by 24 publications

References 15 publications

Effects of Load and Gradient on Energy Cost of Running

Effects of Load and Gradient on Energy Cost of Running

Biomechanical Analysis of Gait and Sit-to-Stand Patterns Using a Specially Made Knee Supporter in Healthy Young and Elderly Individuals

Muscle Coactivation Before and After the Impact Phase of Running Following Isokinetic Fatigue

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