Changes in Energy Metabolite and Regulatory Hormone Concentrations and Net Fluxes across Splanchnic and Peripheral Tissues in Fed and Progressively Fasted Ewes

Heitmann, R.N.; Sensenig, Scott C.; Reynolds, C.K.; Fernandez, J.M.; Dawes, Dianne J.

doi:10.1093/jn/116.12.2516

Cited by 41 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This is similar to previous reports on ruminants (Heitmann et al 1986;McCann and Hansel 1986;Ward et al 1992;McGuire et al 1995;Amstalden et al 2000;Chelikani et al 2004). In the study of Heitmann et al (1986) the splanchnic output of glucose was reduced by 40% and the hepatic uptake of free fatty acids increased three-fold. Consequently, this led to an increased hepatic release of ketone bodies in fasted ewes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Long-term effects of foetal undernutrition on intermediary metabolism in growing lambs

Kiani

Nielsen

Tauson

et al. 2011

Archives of Animal Nutrition

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The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of foetal undernutrition on the metabolism in growing lambs. Seven-month-old lambs whose mothers had been fed either restrictively (RN; n ¼ 14) or adequately (AN; n ¼ 6) in late gestation were fasted for three days. One hour before fasting and after 48 h and 72 h fasting, changes in plasma concentrations of metabolites, i.e. glucose, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), 3-b-hydroxybutyrate (BOHB) and urea as well as hormones, i.e. insulin, the insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) and leptin, were determined. Blood glucose, NEFA, urea, insulin, IGF-I and leptin were not different between the two groups of lambs. Unexpectedly, at the end of the 3 d fasting, in spite of lower NEFA concentration (1.6 + 0.03 vs. 1.9 + 0.05 mM in Groups RN and AN, respectively), the BOHB concentration in RN lambs (0.94 + 0.02 mM) was significantly higher than that in AN lambs (0.78 + 0.04 mM). This higher rate of BOHB production might be interpreted as perturbations in ketone body metabolism potentially induced by undernutrition during foetal life. However, more investigations are necessary to clarify this interrelationship.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Long-term effects of foetal undernutrition on intermediary metabolism in growing lambs

Kiani

Nielsen

Tauson

et al. 2011

Archives of Animal Nutrition

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“…Overall, 12 studies were kept, of which six were for Below Maintenance and six for Above Maintenance analyses (Table 1, Appendix). Animals were either fasted for 3 days (Katz and Bergman, 1969;Bergman et al, 1970;Bergman and Wolff, 1971;Heitman et al, 1986) or fed at 0.5 or 1 times maintenance (Ortigues et al, 1994). In both groups, 83% of the animals were non-producing adults.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The contribution of hepatic arterial to hepatic venous (hepatic arterial/venous) blood flow, as calculated from portal and hepatic venous blood flow data reported in the literature, has shown varied response to increased metabolisable energy intake (MEI). When MEI was increased, the hepatic arterial/venous blood flow decreased numerically (Katz and Bergman, 1969;Bergman and Wolff, 1971;Heitman et al, 1986), remained unchanged (Freetly et al, 1995) or increased numerically (Burrin et al, 1991), depending on the study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Responses of hepatic blood flows to changes in intake in sheep: a meta-analysis

Vernet

Nozière²,

Léger³

et al. 2009

Animal

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This work set out to establish the response equations for hepatic blood flows in sheep and the contribution of hepatic arterial flow to hepatic venous blood flow due to changes in intake levels at constant diet composition. The FLORA (FLuxes across Organs and tissues in Ruminant Animals) database was used, and meta-analysis performed. The meta-analysis involved selection of published papers, identification of studies, description and coding of the selected dataset and statistical analysis using a covariance model. Meta-analyses were carried out using a within-study approach. To ensure absence of bias, the analysis incorporated interfering variables and factors studied in between-study comparisons. Variables concerned diet composition; qualitative factors concerned the physiological state of the animals and the methods used to measure blood flow. The results obtained showed that hepatic blood flows were positively related to intake in sheep. The magnitude of the response (as indicated by the slope) varied with the level of intake and the blood vessel (portal, hepatic venous or arterial). Nine linear relationships were established for the portal, hepatic venous and arterial blood flows as a function of dry matter intake (DMI) with below-and above-maintenance levels considered separately. Data obtained at below-and above-maintenance levels were considered together and four quadratic relationships were established for hepatic blood flows as a function of DMI. These relationships expressed a strong effect of intake on hepatic blood flows. The contribution of hepatic arterial to hepatic venous blood flow averaged 18.2%, with a wide variability. It did not vary significantly with level of intake. Although in between-study comparisons the arterial/venous blood flow was positively influenced by the organic matter digestibility of the diet, the relationships we obtained were robust. They can be used in models of net hepatic nutrient fluxes to predict variations and absolute values of hepatic blood flows from variations and absolute values of DMI.

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“…Furthermore, the net portal appearance of β-hydroxybutyrate levels reported in the available data set is too low to have inhibiting effects on hepatic ketogenesis (Heitmann et al, 1986). The proposed model is based on gross and pragmatic predictors reflecting dietary characteristics and endogenous precursor supply, using RfOM intake (which reflects in particular net portal appearance of butyrate) and EB as predictors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical prediction of net splanchnic release of ketogenic nutrients, acetate, butyrate and β-hydroxybutyrate in ruminants: a meta-analysis

Loncke

Nozière

Bahloul

et al. 2015

Animal

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For energy feeding systems for ruminants to evolve towards a nutrient-based system, dietary energy supply has to be determined in terms of amount and nature of nutrients. The objective of this study was to establish response equations of the net hepatic flux and net splanchnic release of acetate, butyrate and β-hydroxybutyrate to changes in diet and animal profiles. A meta-analysis was applied on published data compiled from the FLuxes of nutrients across Organs and tissues in Ruminant Animals database, which pools the results from international publications on net splanchnic nutrient fluxes measured in multi-catheterized ruminants. Prediction variables were identified from current knowledge on digestion, hepatic and other tissue metabolism. Subsequently, physiological and other, more integrative, predictors were obtained. Models were established for intakes up to 41 g dry matter per kg BW per day and diets containing up to 70 g concentrate per 100 g dry matter. Models predicted the net hepatic fluxes or net splanchnic release of each nutrient from its net portal appearance and the animal profile. Corrections were applied to account for incomplete hepatic recovery of the blood flow marker, para-aminohippuric acid. Changes in net splanchnic release (mmol/kg BW per hour) could then be predicted by combining the previously published net portal appearance models and the present net hepatic fluxes models. The net splanchnic release of acetate and butyrate were thus predicted from the intake of ruminally fermented organic matter (RfOM) and the nature of RfOM (acetate: residual mean square error (RMSE) = 0.18; butyrate: RMSE = 0.01). The net splanchnic release of β-hydroxybutyrate was predicted from RfOM intake and the energy balance of the animals (RMSE = 0.035), or from the net portal appearance of butyrate and the energy balance of the animals (RMSE = 0.050). Models obtained were independent of ruminant species, and presented low interfering factors on the residuals, least square means or individual slopes. The model equations highlighted the importance of considering the physiological state of animals when predicting splanchnic metabolism. This work showed that it is possible to use simple predictors to accurately predict the amount and nature of ketogenic nutrients released towards peripheral tissues in both sheep and cattle at different physiological status. These results provide deeper insight into biological processes and will contribute to the development of improved tools for dietary formulation.Keywords: diet characteristic, ketogenic nutrients, meta-analysis, ruminant, splanchnic release ImplicationsPresent work contributes to the evaluation of the energy value of rations for ruminants on nutrient bases. The posthepatic release of ketogenic nutrients was predicted by a meta-analytical approach. Predictors were derived from INRA Feed Tables and the calculated energy balance of animals, which are easy to use in rationing tools.

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Changes in Energy Metabolite and Regulatory Hormone Concentrations and Net Fluxes across Splanchnic and Peripheral Tissues in Fed and Progressively Fasted Ewes

Cited by 41 publications

References 23 publications

Long-term effects of foetal undernutrition on intermediary metabolism in growing lambs

Long-term effects of foetal undernutrition on intermediary metabolism in growing lambs

Responses of hepatic blood flows to changes in intake in sheep: a meta-analysis

Empirical prediction of net splanchnic release of ketogenic nutrients, acetate, butyrate and β-hydroxybutyrate in ruminants: a meta-analysis

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