Changes in Escherichia coli Associated with Acquired Tolerance for Quaternary Ammonium Compounds 1

Maxcy, R. B.; Tiwari, N. P.; Soprey, Pandu

doi:10.1128/aem.22.2.229-232.1971

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, cell envelopes of the BC-sensitive parent strain contained only 15% readily extractable lipids (Adair, Geftic, Heymann, unpublished data). Cationic quaternary ammonium compounds also bind strongly to the cell surfaces of sensitive and resistant strains (9,17), thus neutralizing the net negative charge of the cells (18). Consequently, it was not unexpected to find that BC-grown resistant cells had staining properties different from those of the sensitive strain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural Alterations Associated with the Growth of Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Presence of Benzalkonium Chloride

et al. 1973

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Cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to benzalkonium chloride (BC) underwent unique ultrastructural reorganizations when they were grown in the presence of 1 mg of BC/ml. The resistant cells usually contained a single, centrally positioned pseudovacuole. The pseudovacuole was surrounded by a diffuse substance that spread irregularly throughout the cytoplasm. The presence of the pseudovacuole seemed to cause a physical compartmentalization of the cytoplasm into random pockets of ribosomes and nuclear material. Contained within the pseudovacuole was a horseshoe-shaped, electron-dense body which was bounded by a trilaminar membrane 5.2 nm in width. These bodies averaged 77 nm when measured through the long axis. The surfaces of resistant cells were covered by an additional layer not found in sensitive cells. Thin sections of sensitive cells which had been treated with 1 mg of BC/ml showed little or no lysis. The cytoplasm appeared to be deeply stained and coagulated. Ribosomes were no longer distinctly visible. Although the cell wall remained intact, the cell membrane was dissolved and fragmented. BC-grown resistant cells could not be successfully stained by standard techniques; however, details were demonstrated with the aid of a combination of 1.5% glutaraldehyde, 1% osmium tetroxide, and 1% phosphotungstic acid prepared in 0.1 M sodium dimethylarsonate buffer (pH 6.8).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural Alterations Associated with the Growth of Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Presence of Benzalkonium Chloride

et al. 1973

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“…Maxcy et al (11) reported that cells of Escherichia coli, which were adapted to grow in the presence of 28 Ag of a quat similar to BC per ml, also acquired an increased tolerance to lysis. However, these organisms had a markedly diminished ability to survive storage as washed cell suspensions when compared with the quatsensitive parent strain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa grown in the presence of benzalkonium chloride

Adair¹,

Liauw²,

Geftic³

et al. 1975

J Clin Microbiol

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Resistant cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 which were grown in the presence of 1 mg of benzalkonium chloride (BC) per ml caused only a mild conjunctivitis when they were dropped onto the scratched corneas of rabbits. In contrast, cells of the BC-sensitive parent strain induced a severe keratoconjunctivitis. In addition, the BC-grown cells also had a reduced capacity to produce kidney infections in mice as compared to the parent strain. BC-grown cells acted as weak complex antigens which conferred slight protection against lethal doses of BC-grown cells. No cross-protection to cells of the parent strain occurred. The data indicate that growth in the presence of BC results in cells with reduced virulence.

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“…For the first time, this phenomenon shed lights on a new direction to design of polymers for antimicrobial usage. According to similar findings in removal of QAC antimicrobial periodically, it seems the MIC increase indicating tolerance of certain antimicrobial is not permanent, called adaptation instead of resistance [18]. Thus, without more detailed mechanism study, it is difficult to conclude there are any genetic changes in the generations of cells treated with cationic compounds.…”

Section: Editorialmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Another application is to coat degradable polycations on the surface of bulk material or device. Each layer of coating is decorated (covalently attached) or packed (via supramolecular interaction) with cationic antimicrobial components [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. After one layer is exhausted or fouled, the environmental stimulated degradation will refresh the surface to be actively antimicrobial again without releasing majority of antimicrobials into outer environment to raise resistance concern.…”

Section: Editorialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradable Cationic Polymer: A Class of Material to Address Bacteria Resistance

Geng¹

2018

MACIJ

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Changes in Escherichia coli Associated with Acquired Tolerance for Quaternary Ammonium Compounds 1

Cited by 12 publications

References 11 publications

Ultrastructural Alterations Associated with the Growth of Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Presence of Benzalkonium Chloride

Ultrastructural Alterations Associated with the Growth of Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Presence of Benzalkonium Chloride

Reduced virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa grown in the presence of benzalkonium chloride

Degradable Cationic Polymer: A Class of Material to Address Bacteria Resistance

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