Changes in Floral Pigments and Scent Compounds in Garden Roses during Floral Bud Development

Shin, Yeong Chan; Hwang, Je Yeon; Yeon, Je Yeon; Kim, Wan Soon

doi:10.11623/frj.2022.30.1.04

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…All three treatments were performed under a 16/8 h light/dark cycle and at 50 ± 5% relative humidity and 440 ± 7 µmol•m -2 •s -1 light intensity using white LED and high-pressure sodium mixed lamps. Additionally, 200 mL of a nutrient solution was supplied regularly to each pot (EC 1.2 dS•m -1 , pH 5.8) (Shin et al, 2022). The nutrient solutions were composed of KNO 3 , Ca(NO 3 ,323, 1,841, 204.8, 575, 64.5, 0.88, 12.05, 8.63, 9.27, and 1.25 mg•L -1 , respectively), with H 2 SO 4 provided as needed (Shi et al, 2021).…”

Section: Temperature Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flowering Responses in the Cut Rose ‘Vital’ to Non-Optimal Temperatures

Yeon,

Lee,

Lee

et al. 2022

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Temperature stress is the primary cause of flower quality degradation of cut roses. A previous study showed that although low temperatures delay flowering, they can significantly increase the number of petals by promoting stamen petalody. In this study, we determined how excessively high or low temperatures influence flower development and floral organ differentiation in Rosa hybrida 'Vital' in the range of 10 to 35°C with three sub-ranges of optimal day/night temperatures (OT, 25/18°C), low temperatures (LT, 18/10°C; sub-optimal temperatures), and high temperatures (HT, 35/25°C; supra-optimal temperatures) and whether the differentiation is related to flowering function gene expression. The flowering time of shoots in OT (45 days) was delayed by 96% in LT (88 days) but accelerated by 31% in HT (31 days). However, the flower quality response was opposite. The flowers became larger and longer with additional biomass accumulation during the extended flowering period in LT. In addition, floral organ differentiation was suppressed under LT and HT stress conditions. Notably, HT stress reduced the formation of whole floral organs by 61.4%; however, LT stress stimulated petal formation at a rate of 9.8% and inhibited stamen formation by 1.8%. A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that both RhAP1 (A-function gene) and RhAG (C-function gene) play essential roles in determining the number of petals, partly in association with RhAP3 (B-function gene). Our results highlight the impact of temperature stress on rose flower development and petal number determination, as determined by the expression of flowering function genes.

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Section: Temperature Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flowering Responses in the Cut Rose ‘Vital’ to Non-Optimal Temperatures

Yeon,

Lee,

Lee

et al. 2022

HST

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“…Roses are the most traded cut flowers globally [1]. Over the last two centuries, many breeders have contributed to the development of new rose varieties with morphological diversity in petal number, color, fragrance, floral shape and structure, flowering time, and frequency [2,3]. In flower forms, standard-type roses produce a bigger flower on a stem compared with spray-type ones having more than four to five flowers per shoot [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Suboptimal Temperature on Flower Quality and Floral Organ Development in Spray-Type Cut Rose ‘Pink Shine’

2023

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Low temperatures commonly delay flowering in cut roses but enhance final flower quality, i.e., biomass, petal doubling, and flower size. However, this information remains unclear for spray-type cut roses. This study was conducted to understand the effect of suboptimal temperatures on flower quality in the spray-type cut rose ‘Pink Shine.’ The 6-month-old rooted cuttings were cultivated in environmentally controlled growth chambers at four temperature levels: 25/20 °C (optimal temperature, OT) and 20/20 °C, 20/15 °C, and 15/15 °C (suboptimal temperatures, SOTs). As expected, SOTs significantly delayed the flowering time (11.2–25 days) but enhanced flower quality, with 129% and 32% increases in flower size and biomass, respectively. SOTs did not statistically amplify petal numbers, as expected, compared with OT. Instead, SOTs significantly increased stamen and carpel numbers by 1.3 and 2 times, respectively, resulting in a 1.4-fold increase in total floral organ formation. Moreover, SOTs increased the mRNA levels of A-function genes (RhAP1** and RhFUL**) and C-function genes (RhSHP*) but suppressed the B-function gene (RhPI*), which is linked to the development of plant reproductive structures (stamen and carpel) in spray-type cut roses. Conclusively, the growth temperature was more effective for quantity accumulation than for the number of petals but was similar in carpels. These results suggest that SOTs enhance carpel differentiation during flowering, implying that flowers may choose a reproductive strategy through carpels over petals.

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