Changes in food habits and motivation for healthy eating among Pakistani women living in Norway: results from the InnvaDiab-DEPLAN study

Abstract

Objective: Pakistani women in Oslo have high risk of overweight and type 2 diabetes. The objective is to present the effect of an intervention study on Pakistani women's intentions to change dietary behaviour and changes made in dietary intake. Design: The intervention group received culturally adapted lifestyle education, including diet and physical activity. The questionnaire, applied before and after the 7-month intervention, included FFQ and questions on intentions to change. Setting: Oslo, Norway. Subjects: A total of 198 Pakistani women, aged 25-63 years, randomised into control and intervention groups. Results: There was a shift in distribution of intentions to change the intake of selected foods in the intervention group after the intervention, resulting in significant differences between the groups. The daily intake of vegetables, fruits and fruit juice had increased (P 5 0?043), and the intake of red meats (P 5 0?001), full fat milk/yoghurt (P 5 0?027) and sugar-rich drinks (P # 0?007) was reduced in the intervention group. The differences between intervention and control after the intervention were significant for sugar-rich drinks (P # 0?022). More women in the intervention group used olive and rapeseed oil and fewer used 'vegetable' oil after than before intervention (P , 0?011). Differences between intervention and control were significant (P 5 0?001) for rapeseed oil. Comparing those who attended at least 60 % of the group sessions with the control group resulted in minor changes in these estimates. Conclusions: Culturally adapted education has the potential to change NorwegianPakistani women's intentions to make their diet healthier, and also to induce some beneficial, however modest, self-reported changes in diet.

Barriers to healthy eating among Norwegian-Pakistani women participating in a culturally adapted intervention

“…Many had also reduced intake of soft and fruit drinks with added sugar and increased intake of vegetables, fruit, and fruit juice [15]. In addition, many women had changed type of oil from cheap vegetable oil to rapeseed or olive oil.…”

“…They were also asked about barriers to other dietary changes which were emphasised during the group sessions, but where no significant change was achieved, namely eating more legumes and fish and reducing the intake of sweet bakery goods [15]. The reported amount of oil used in cooking was reduced in the intervention group, but not significantly [15].…”

An exploration of dietary practices among South Indians in Brisbane, Australia

“…CALD communities have consistently been shown to have higher rates of dietrelated disease than majority populations in many industrialised countries (Anikeeva et al, 2010;Misra & Ganda, 2007;Misra & Khurana, 2011). Indian and other South Asian migrants in particular have been shown to be at a greater risk of overweight, central obesity and T2DM than host populations and other migrant communities in these countries (Holmboe-Ottesen & Wandel, 2012;Johansen et al, 2009;Kumar, Holmboe-Ottesen, Lien, & Wandel, 2004;Kumar, Meyer, Wandel, Dalen, & Holmboe-Ottesen, 2005; 3 See Appendix 2 4 Health screening is mainly for infectious diseases that are a threat to public health in Australia such as TB, HIV, hepatitis B, C and conditions requiring long-term health care (Joint Standing Committee on Migration, 2010) http://www.border.gov.au/Trav/Visa/Heal/meeting-the-health-requirement/healthexaminations; https://www.border.gov.au/about/corporate/information/fact-sheets/22health…”

“…The prevalence of NCDs, especially T2DM is often higher among South Asian migrants than among the host population, as well as other migrant communities (Misra & Khurana, 2011). Migrants from South Asian countries such as Pakistan, Bangladesh and India who live in the United Kingdom, Europe, Canada and the United States are identified as being particularly susceptible to obesity-related chronic diseases, particularly T2DM and CHD (Anderson et al, 2005;Bhopal, 2009;Dassanayake et al, 2009;De Maio, 2010;Gilbert & Khokhar, 2008;Harding, 2003;Holmboe-Ottesen & Wandel, 2012;Johansen et al, 2009;Wandel et al, 2008). Their diet has been examined as a possible factor responsible for the increased prevalence of these conditions.…”

Changes in dietary intake following a culturally adapted lifestyle intervention among Iraqi immigrants to Sweden at high risk of type 2 diabetes: a randomised trial

“…Consequently, little is known regarding effects of lifestyle interventions including the effects of dietary advice on dietary modification in this group. There is increasing consensus that lifestyle interventions, which target minority groups, must consider the cultural and religious backgrounds as well as socio-economic barriers to lifestyle change in the target population to be effective (2,(15)(16)(17) . ME immigrants currently constitute one of the largest and fastest-growing immigrant groups in Sweden.…”