Changes in Food Insecurity and Smoking Status over Time: Analysis of the 2003 and 2015 Panel Study of Income Dynamics

Abstract

Participants: Four thousand five hundred sixty-three adults who were smokers and nonsmokers, participating in the 2003 (current study baseline) and 2015 (current study follow-up) waves of PSID. Measures: Based on self-reported smoking status at baseline and follow-up, respondents were categorized as continued smoking, stopped smoking, started smoking, and continued nonsmoking. Similarly, respondents were categorized as stayed food secure, stayed food insecure, became food insecure, and became food secure based on responses to the Food Security Survey at baseline and follow-up. Analysis: Two logistic regression analyses to examine (1) among smokers at baseline the odds of stopping versus continuing smoking by follow-up and (2) among nonsmokers at baseline the odds of starting versus continuing nonsmoking by follow-up. In both models, change in food insecurity status was the primary independent variable, controlling for demographics including poverty. Results: Among smokers at baseline, becoming food insecure (vs staying food secure) was independently associated with lower likelihood of stopping smoking by follow-up (odds ratio [OR] ¼ 0.66). Among nonsmokers at baseline, becoming food insecure (vs staying food secure) was independently associated with higher likelihood of starting smoking by follow-up (OR ¼ 3.77). Conclusions: Food insecurity is a risk factor for smoking, which has significant implications for developing interventions to reduce smoking prevalence, especially among low-income groups.

Sexual orientation disparities in food insecurity and food assistance resource use in U.S. adult women: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2014

“…Summary statistics were calculated to describe demographic, socioeconomic, and psychosocial factors. Age was recoded into four categories representing respondents across emerging (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25), young (26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35), middle (36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45), mid-late (46-59) stages of adulthood. NHANES' original variable structure was retained for race/ethnicity categories (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Mexican American, other Hispanic, and other race including multiracial).…”

“…In multivariable analyses, we de ned health insurance coverage as private (coded 0), public (coded 1), or none/uninsured (coded 2). Alcohol use [26] and cigarette smoking [27,28] Current cigarette smoking was de ned as having smoked > 100 cigarettes ever and currently reporting smoking on either "some" or "every" day (coded 1).…”

Sexual orientation disparities in food insecurity and food assistance resource use in U.S. adult women: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2014

“…Summary statistics were calculated to describe demographic, socioeconomic, and psychosocial factors. Age was recoded into four categories representing respondents across emerging (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25), young (26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35), middle (36-45), mid-late (46-59) stages of adulthood. NHANES' original variable structure was retained for marital status (married, widowed, divorced, separated, never married, and living with partner) and race/ethnicity categories (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Mexican American, other Hispanic, and other race including multiracial).…”

Food insecurity and food assistance resource use by sexual minority women: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2014

“…Summary statistics were calculated to describe demographic, socioeconomic, and psychosocial factors. Age was recoded into four categories representing respondents across emerging (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25), young (26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35), middle (36-45), mid-late (46-59) stages of adulthood. NHANES' original variable structure was retained for marital status (married, widowed, divorced, separated, never married, and living with partner) and race/ethnicity categories (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Mexican American, other Hispanic, and other race including multiracial).…”

“…In multivariable analyses, we defined health insurance coverage as private (coded 0), public (coded 1), or none/uninsured (coded 2). Alcohol use [25] and cigarette smoking [26,27] are two psychosocial characteristics that are associated with food insecurity and are known disparities in SMW [28].…”