Changes in growth, appetite, food conversion efficiency and body composition in mice selected for high post-weaning weight gain on restricted feeding

McPhee, C.P.; Trappett, P. C.; Neill, A. R.; Duncalfe, F.

doi:10.1007/bf00276400

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…For example, artificial selection for an increase in growth rate (i.e. production) is often accompanied by a decrease in the cost of maintenance metabolism as has been reported for rats (Getty, Mills & Henricks, 1988), mice (Kownacki et al, 1975;Kownacki & Keller, 1978;McPhee et al, 1980;Roberts, 1981;Malik, 1984;Urrutia & Hayes, 1988), and chickens (Pym & Farrell, 1977). This result is more chacteristic of experimental designs that limit consumption during selection for high production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

The cost of enzyme synthesis in the genetics of energy balance and physiological performance

Koehn

1991

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

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The study of metabolism has traditionally focused upon factors that influence metabolic rate, at levels of both the metabolic pathway and the whole organism. This paper focuses on the cost, and thereby the efficiency, of metabolic processes. The genotype-dependent cost of enzyme turnover is proposed as a biochemical genetic mechanism for relating genetic variation at single genes to phenotypic variation in quantitative traits of energy metabolism. Decreased costs of maintenance metabolism can accompany artificial selection for increased production (e.g. growth, reproduction, etc.) and lower maintenance is correlated with multiple locus heterozygosity in outbred populations. In both cases, high production has been associated with lower rates of protein turnover. Several factors influence the ATP-equivalent cost of enzyme turnover. These factors are used to calculate the cost of turnover for a single enzyme. This cost can conservatively constitute up to several percent of the total daily mass-specific energy demands of maintenance metabolism. Genetic variants of an enzyme can differ in the cost of turnover. These differences can constitute the basis for metabolic changes associated with artificial selection for production and the metabolic differences that are associated with individual levels of heterozygosity. The metabolic and evolutionary significance of genotype-dependent turnover costs is a function of individual energy balance. The strength of selection against increases in cost will be an inverse function of individual energy balance and is therefore influenced by both environmental and genetic factors.KEY WORDS:-Energy metabolism -protein turnover ~ enzyme synthesis -polymorphisrnmaintenance-heterozygosity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

The cost of enzyme synthesis in the genetics of energy balance and physiological performance

Koehn

1991

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

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“…Dalton (1967), McPhee et al (1980) andYtiksel et al (1981) working with mice and Bailey et al (1970) working with rats found no genotype-environment interactions. The reason for the lack of interaction in the study of Yiiksel et al (1981) may be that they selected for efficiency instead of gain or weight as in most studies.…”

Section: (Ii) Direct and Correlated Responsesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Selection for growth on normal and reduced protein diets in mice: I. Direct and correlated responses for growth

Nielsen¹,

Andersen²

1987

Genet. Res.

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Mice were selected for growth from 3 to 9 weeks of age on a normal protein diet (N) containing 19-3% protein and a reduced protein diet (R) containing 5 1 % protein. On each diet there were 3 high (H), 3 low (L) and 3 unselected control (C) lines. After 6 generations of selection, half of the mice in each line were tested on each diet. Responses were obtained when selecting for both increased and decreased growth on both diets. The realized heritabilities from within-family selection were 33 and 26% for the divergences on the normal and reduced protein diets, respectively. Consistent genotype-environment interactions were found when all lines were tested on both diets in generation 7. Performance on each protein level was best improved by selection on that protein level. Further, the correlated response was significantly less than the direct response when selecting on both diets. The estimates of the genetic correlation between growth on the two protein levels were low, r N = 016 from selection on the normal protein diet and r B = 0-51 from selection on the reduced protein diet. Selection resulted in a change in environmental sensitivity in the lines, dependent on the diet and direction of selection. The average of the divergences on the two diets was not dependent on the selection environment.

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“…for GR and F respectively. In mouse lines selected for increased body-weight gain on a fixed feeding scale, McPhee, Trappett, Neill and Duncalfe (1980), Hetzel and Nicholas (1986) and McPhee and Trappett (1987) attributed the response to a reduction in the energy used for maintenance and, to a lesser degree, an improvement in the use of retained energy through an increased lean and reduced fat deposition. respectively.…”

Section: Selection Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection in pigs for increased lean growth rate on a time-based feeding scale

et al. 1988

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Selection was carried out in a line of pigs for increased growth rate of lean tissue. The selection criterion was weight of lean in the ham predicted from live backfat and weight measurements after a 12-week performance test commencing at 25 kg live weight. All pigs were given the same total amount of food over the test period. The scale was set to about proportionately 0-85 of predicted ad libitum intake. Boars selected with an intensity of 1/12 were used for 6 months and sows selected with an intensity of 1/4 were kept for two farrowings. An unselected control line was maintained concurrently.After five generations, performances of selected and control line pigs were compared on ad libitum and scale feeding as they grew to 85 kg. Responses in the selected line on scale feeding were +51 g/day for growth rate (GR), -0-16 for food conversion ratio (FCR), -2-2 mm for backfat (F) and +0-47 kg for ham lean (HL). On ad libitum feeding, responses were much higher in the selected line, giving rise to line x food interactions. Responses were +128 g/day for GR, -0-27 for FCR, -2-3 mm for F, +1-01 kg for HL and +0-15 kg/day for food intake (FI). Estimates of the heritability of HL from variance components were 0-43 (s.e. 0-15) on scale feeding and 0-28 (s.e. 0-19) on ad libitum feeding. The realized heritability of HL on scale feeding was 0-29 (s.e. 0-04) and its co-heritabilities with the other traits on both feeding levels were of similar magnitude to its heritability. Scale feeding exposed genetic variation in the partitioning of food between lean and fat deposition and appeared to be a suitable selection regimen for performance on ad libitum feeding. 149

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Changes in growth, appetite, food conversion efficiency and body composition in mice selected for high post-weaning weight gain on restricted feeding

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

The cost of enzyme synthesis in the genetics of energy balance and physiological performance

The cost of enzyme synthesis in the genetics of energy balance and physiological performance

Selection for growth on normal and reduced protein diets in mice: I. Direct and correlated responses for growth

Selection in pigs for increased lean growth rate on a time-based feeding scale

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