Changes in haemostasis in endurance horses: detection by highly sensitive ELISA‐tests

Abstract

SummaryExercise induced variations in coagulation and fibrinolytic activities were evaluated in 25 endurance horses competing in a 80 km ride. Venous blood samples were collected before exercise, after 40 km and 30 min after 80 km. Haematological parameters, fibrinogen, clotting times (aPTT and PT) and the main inhibitors (AT-I11 and a2-antiplasmin) activities were determined. Furthermore, we assessed thrombinantithrombin complexes (TAT) as a marker of coagulation activity; and fibrinogen degradation products (FgDP) and fibrin degradation products D-dimers (FbDP) as markers of fibrinolytic activity using immunoenzymatic tests. Significant changes in all haemostatic parameters were found after endurance exercise. A significant (P<O.OOl) increase of TAT values was found when comparing pre-race (mean f s.d. ng/ml). These changes confirm a hypercoagulable state, a marked hypofibrinogenolysis and a slight hyperfibrinolysis during endurance exercise. No significant differences were found between the results from horses that finished (n=19) and those eliminated because of fatigue (n=6).

Association of Admission Plasma D-Dimer Concentration with Diagnosis and Outcome in Horses with Colic

“…Horses with ischemic lesions were divided into 2 groups because cases with more severe forms of ischemia and those with prolonged ischemia (46 hours) are associated with more severe coagulopathies that contribute to the death of the horse. 36 Diagnosis was based on clinical history, complete physical examination, and results of complementary diagnostic tests (CBC, plasma biochemistry, blood gas analysis, abdominal ultrasonography, and peritoneal fluid analysis). Findings of abdominal radiology, exploratory laparotomy, postmortem examination or some combination of these were used for this classification whenever they were performed.…”

Effect of First Long-Term Training on Whole Blood Count and Blood Clotting Parameters in Thoroughbreds

“…In particular, in equine medicine, published data on the effects of exercise on clotting factors differ and are ambiguous. Some researchers found that exercise increased the coagulation time in healthy horses, indicative of a hypocoagulative status [ 14 ], whereas others found a decreased clotting time to be indicative of a hypercoagulative status [ 7 , 15 , 16 ] or an unchanged coagulative status [ 10 ]. Findings in this field are equivocal, substantially because they are related to different types of training schedules (different intensity, duration and type of exercise), different races of horse, different performance statuses of animals (trained or untrained horses) and different methods used to perform analysis.…”

“…Findings in this field are equivocal, substantially because they are related to different types of training schedules (different intensity, duration and type of exercise), different races of horse, different performance statuses of animals (trained or untrained horses) and different methods used to perform analysis. Moreover, in the last few years, the majority of studies have been carried out mostly to evaluate the immediate effect of exercise [ 11 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ], reporting that exercise affects the hemostatic process associated with an acute and transient increase in blood coagulability that seems to be counterbalanced by a simultaneous increase in fibrinolytic activity depending on both the intensity and duration of exercise [ 10 , 21 ]. Conversely, only a few studies have been carried out on the long-term effects of training on the hemostatic system in racehorses and they focused on the changes in clotting times [ 7 , 10 , 13 ] and platelets aggregation [ 9 , 13 ].…”

“…However, some reports suggest TAT is valid in assessing prothrombotic status in dogs (Cushing’s syndrome, malignant tumors and CID) [ 25 , 26 , 27 ]. Nevertheless, data about TAT complex levels in athletic horses are rare [ 16 , 28 ] and no studies have been carried out in racehorses. This lack of evidence suggests more studies are needed to investigate if it may hold the promise of being an indicator of increased thromboembolic risk also in racehorses where exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhages (EIPH) are a severe problem.…”

Altered of Serum Amyloid A, Haptoglobin, Coagulation Profile, and Venous Blood Gases of Arabian Horses Suffering from Spasmodic and Flatulent Colic in Egypt

“…The third part was collected on a plain tube Serum samples were used to measure serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hpt), and D-dimer (D2D) concentrations by using equine-specific commercially available ELISA assay kits supplied by (Chongqing Biospes Co., China) according to manufacturer instructions. Serum amyloid A was measured according to [13], Equine haptoglobin was measured as in [14] and measurement of D-dimer as described in [15].…”