Changes in hafted biface resharpening during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene in the central and southeastern United States

Williams, Justin P.; Niquette, Richard M.

doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.05.014

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Changes in small parts of the point shape are somewhat predictive of overall point shape change. Contrast this with a Paleoindian Dalton point, in which the size and shape of the haft is not predictive of blade size and shape [ 58 , 128 , 129 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The phenomenon of allometry is generally well-accepted in the analysis of chipped stone points and other tool types [ 56 :82–83 and references cited therein] and probably accepted intuitively by most analysts [ 57 , 58 ], but modularity and integration are rarely discussed. Allometry is manifested as the tool is reduced in size during repair, resharpening, or refurbishing to satisfy a different function.…”

Section: Incidence Of Allometry Modularity and Integration In Archaeo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clovis point allometry, modularity, and integration: Exploring shape variation due to tool use with landmark-based geometric morphometrics

Thulman

Shott

Slade³

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Landmark-based geometric morphometrics (LGM) is most often used in archaeology to characterize and differentiate groups of artifacts, but it can be used for much more. We demonstrate LGM’s power to uncover new insights by exploring stone-tool allometry, modularity, and integration using a sample of 100 western North American Clovis points. Here, allometry concerns how stone tools change in shape as their size changes through their use-lives, and modularity and integration concern how the constituent parts of a tool work together. We show that Clovis points are surprisingly complex tools. When their blades and hafts are defined technologically, rather than arbitrarily, they unambiguously exhibit allometry, and their hafts and blades are modular and highly integrated. We use these analyses to further explore questions about Clovis points, including the differences between cache and non-cache points. Finally, we use heuristic haft-size categories to examine functional constraints on the shape and size of hafts and blades. This work illustrates the importance of using accurate measurements of point components rather than estimates or proxies, which can lead to unfounded inferences. These analytical approaches and accompanying R code are easily transferable to other research questions of stone-tool use.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Incidence Of Allometry Modularity and Integration In Archaeo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Clovis point allometry, modularity, and integration: Exploring shape variation due to tool use with landmark-based geometric morphometrics

Thulman

Shott

Slade³

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

Self Cite

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“…Although more attention has been given to explaining why Paleoindians fluted points, some have considered why fluting was abandoned. Newby and colleagues (2005; also see Williams and Niquette 2019) link point chronologies to environmental changes, suggesting that fluting was tied to hunting large game at the end of the Pleistocene. However, Buchanan and colleagues (2011) have since questioned the proposed link between point form and prey size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using 3D Models to Understand the Changing Role of Fluting in Paleoindian Point Technology from Clovis to Dalton

et al. 2022

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Fluting is a technological and morphological hallmark of some of the most iconic North American Paleoindian stone points. Through decades of detailed artifact analyses and replication experiments, archaeologists have spent considerable effort reconstructing how flute removals were achieved, and they have explored possible explanations of why fluting was such an important aspect of early point technologies. However, the end of fluting has been less thoroughly researched. In southern North America, fluting is recognized as a diagnostic characteristic of Clovis points dating to approximately 13,000 cal yr BP, the earliest widespread use of fluting. One thousand years later, fluting occurs more variably in Dalton and is no longer useful as a diagnostic indicator. How did fluting change, and why did point makers eventually abandon fluting? In this article, we use traditional 2D measurements, geometric morphometric (GM) analysis of 3D models, and 2D GM of flute cross sections to compare Clovis and Dalton point flute and basal morphologies. The significant differences observed show that fluting in Clovis was highly standardized, suggesting that fluting may have functioned to improve projectile durability. Because Dalton points were used increasingly as knives and other types of tools, maximizing projectile functionality became less important. We propose that fluting in Dalton is a vestigial technological trait retained beyond its original functional usefulness.

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Clovis Lifeways Set in Stone: The Contribution of Fluted-Point Morphological Variation

Smith

2023

PaleoAmerica

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Changes in hafted biface resharpening during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene in the central and southeastern United States

Cited by 3 publications

References 20 publications

Clovis point allometry, modularity, and integration: Exploring shape variation due to tool use with landmark-based geometric morphometrics

Clovis point allometry, modularity, and integration: Exploring shape variation due to tool use with landmark-based geometric morphometrics

Using 3D Models to Understand the Changing Role of Fluting in Paleoindian Point Technology from Clovis to Dalton

Clovis Lifeways Set in Stone: The Contribution of Fluted-Point Morphological Variation

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