Changes in HIV Seroprevalence and Related Behaviors Among Male Injection Drug Users Who Do and Do Not Have Sex With Men: New York City, 1990–1999

Maslow, Carey B.; Friedman, Samuel R.; Perlis, Theresa; Rockwell, Russell; Jarlais, Don C. Des

doi:10.2105/ajph.92.3.382

Cited by 47 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Such findings corroborate the statement by some authors that interventions targeting the IDUs population should focus on issues related to their sexual activity and not only risk behaviors related directly to injecting drugs 27,28 . There is an evident need to learn more about the motives leading IDUs to be exposed to sexual risk.…”

Section: Variablessupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Maslow et al 27 also show higher HIV prevalence in MSM as compared to other IDUs, both for the years 1990-1994 (60.5% versus 48.3%, respectively) and 1995-1999 (43.8% versus 33.4%, respectively).…”

Section: Variablesmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Various factors appear to be associated with resurgence of the HIV epidemic in the MSM IDUs population, partially because IDUs sexual risk behaviors appear not to have decreased to the same extent for their risky injecting practices 27,28 . In addition, drug use (both injecting and non-injecting) is frequently associated with unsafe sexual practices 8,29,30 and relations aimed at obtaining drugs and/or money in the attempt to finance a costly habit and addiction 8 .…”

Section: Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite these limitations, there is no doubt about the importance of the MSM IDUs population in the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Brazil and in different contexts 12,17,27,34,35 . IDUs appear to be involved in unsafe sexual relations (multiple sex partners, without condoms, often under the effect of drugs) as a means of financing their habit or addiction.…”

Section: Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Profile of male Brazilian injecting drug users who have sex with men

et al. 2006

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Section: Variablessupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Variablesmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Profile of male Brazilian injecting drug users who have sex with men

et al. 2006

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“…Relevant interventions are needed for male sex workers. Relevant interventions are also needed for drug users who engage in same-sex sex risk behaviors (Friedman et al, 2003b;Maslow et al, 2002;Young et al, 2000Young et al, , 2006.…”

Section: Tailored Interventions For Subgroups Of Drug Usersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior Change and Health-Related Interventions for Heterosexual Risk Reduction Among Drug Users

Semaan

Jarlais

Malow

2006

Substance Use & Misuse

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Prevention of heterosexual transmission of HIV between and from drug users is important for controlling the local and global HIV heterosexual epidemic. Sex risk reduction interventions and health-related interventions are important for reducing the sex risk behaviors of drug users. Sex risk reduction interventions address individual-level, peer-level, and structural-level determinants of risk reduction. Health-related interventions include HIV counseling and testing, prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases, and delivery of highly active antiretroviral therapy. It is important to adapt effective interventions implemented in resource-rich countries to the realities of the resourceconstrained settings and to address relevant contextual factors.RESUMEN-Il est important de prévenir la transmission hétérosexuelle du VIH à partir des usagers de drogue pour contrôler l'épidémie hétérosexuelle locale et mondiale de VIH. Des interventions ciblant à la fois la réduction de risque sexuel et la santé des usagers de drogue sont nécessaires. Les interventions de réduction de risque sexuel prennent en compte le niveau individuel, le niveau des pairs et celui des déterminants structurels de la réduction des risques. Les interventions visant l'amélioration de la santé comprennent le conseil et le dépistage du VIH, la prévention et le traitement des infections sexuellement transmissibles et la prescription d'antirétroviraux. Il est important d'adapter les interventions efficaces mises en place dans les pays riches aux réalités des contextes de pays à ressources limitées et de tenir compte des facteurs contextuels pertinents. Keywords global research; HIV; injection drug use; research interventions; sexual risk HIV Infection and Injection Drug UsersInjection drug use continues to complicate the control of the global HIV epidemic (UNAIDS, 2004). In 2003, 136 countries reported injecting drug use and 93 countries reported HIV infection among injection drug users (IDUs) (World Health Organization, 2003). IDUs are at risk for infection with HIV through both multiperson use ("sharing") of drug injection equipment and through unsafe sex behaviors (Aceijas et al., 2004). Although the scope and effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing HIV infection through drug injection equipment has been well documented in the literature (Des Jarlais et al., 2005;Quan et This review describes sex risk reduction interventions with drug users and their effectiveness in reducing sexual risk behaviors of IDUs and other drug users. We highlight the needs and opportunities for these interventions, discuss the generalizability of the results to resourceconstrained settings, and outline the implications for global research efforts and public health practice. Although our literature review is not comprehensive, it highlights many areas that affect sexual transmission of HIV to and from drug users in both resource-rich and resourceconstrained settings. Efforts to reduce substance abuse and HIV risk associated with injection behav...

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