Changes in HLA-DR expression, cytokine production and coagulation following endotoxin infusion in healthy human volunteers

Effects of a cytokine inhibitor, JTE-607, on the response to endotoxin in healthy human volunteers

“…Indeed, a rapid and dramatic increase in TNF-alpha concentrations followed by similarly striking increases in IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 is a consistent finding in such studies [19]. Furthermore, a lack of IL-2 production in response to LPS challenge and a relatively low level of IL-1β observed in this study have been previously reported [19,50].…”

“…More specifically, in human subjects, endotoxin alters capillary integrity and affects the cardiovascular system [6], causes production of cytokines [13,14] and activates the coagulation-fibrinolytic pathways [15,16]. Production of cytokines, such as TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-8 occurs within 2-3 h of endotoxin infusion [11,13,[17][18][19]. The infusion of a small dose of endotoxin to healthy subjects has proved to be a safe and effective way to study the LPS-induced inflammatory response in human volunteers [17,19].…”

“…Production of cytokines, such as TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-8 occurs within 2-3 h of endotoxin infusion [11,13,[17][18][19]. The infusion of a small dose of endotoxin to healthy subjects has proved to be a safe and effective way to study the LPS-induced inflammatory response in human volunteers [17,19]. JTE-607, N-benzoyl-L-phenylalanine derivative compound [20], is a novel inhibitor of multiple cytokines (for the structure of JTE-607 see Ref.…”

Does Muscle-Derived Interleukin-6 Mediate Some of the Beneficial Effects of Exercise on Cancer Treatment-Related Fatigue?

“…However, in response to immune challenge (e.g., infection, tissue damage), serum levels of IL-1β and TNF-α increase 10- to 100-fold, depending on the magnitude of the immune stimulus. IL-1β and TNF-α, in turn, trigger the production of IL-6, leading to an increase in serum levels of the cytokines (Mant et al, 2008). Although a direct role for the cytokines in CTRF has yet to be demonstrated, indirect evidence supports the idea.…”

Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Secondary to Typhoid Fever

“…The endotoxin of salmonella, when infused into healthy subjects, activates coagulation pathways. 10 Although this has often been studied with disseminated intravascular coagulation, we hypothesize that the effects of endotoxin caused thrombosis alone and stopped short of disseminated intravascular coagulation in our patient. Although rare, systemic infection causing CVST should be considered in any patient with headache and fever, as early diagnosis and treatment can prevent severe consequences.…”