Changes in HPV Seroprevalence from an Unvaccinated toward a Girls-Only Vaccinated Population in the Netherlands

Abstract

Background: In the Netherlands, bivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination was included in the National Immunization Program for 12-year-old girls in 2010 (vaccination coverage, 45%–60%). We examined possible changes in HPV seroprevalence in the HPV-unvaccinated Dutch population aged 0–89 years, comparing prevaccination data with data of approximately 6 years after implementation of national vaccination. Methods: Serum samples of men and women were used from two cross-sectional population-based serosurveillance studies performed before (2006–07, n = 6,384) and after (2016–17, n = 5,645) implementation of HPV vaccination in the Netherlands. Seven high-risk HPV-specific antibodies (HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58) were tested in a virus-like particle-based multiplex immunoassay. Results: Type-specific HPV seroprevalence increased in women between 2006–07 and 2016–17. Also, a higher seroprevalence for at least one type in women >15 years was found in 2016–17 (31.7%) compared with 2006–07 (25.2%). In men, overall HPV seroprevalence remained similar; however, a lower seroprevalence was found for HPV16 in 2016–17 (7.5%) compared with 2006–07 (10.6%). Conclusions: Our results indicate an increase in high-risk HPV types in women and a rather stable exposure in men. No clear effects of the strategy of girls-only vaccination were observed in men, probably because of the short time after introduction combined with suboptimal coverage. Impact: No herd immunity has been observed yet in a population with suboptimal HPV vaccination coverage.

HPV vaccination to prevent recurrence of anal intraepithelial neoplasia in HIV+ MSM

“…HPV type-specific antibody response was assessed in venous blood samples, obtained before first vaccination (pre) and 3 months (AE2 weeks) after last vaccination (post). Serum HPV-specific IgG antibodies against HPV L1 VLPs for vaccine HPV types 16, 18, 6, 11 were measured using a VLP-based multiplex immunoassay performed at the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands, as previously described (see Supplementary Methods, http://links.lww.com/QAD/C139) [21,22].…”

Impact of a Gender-Neutral HPV Vaccination Program in Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM)

“…The coverage with ≥1 dose of HPV vaccine, and the percentage of adolescents who were up to date with the HPV vaccination series increased in 2019 and both measures improved among females and males [7][8][9], but there was no significant increase in either of those measures when analyzing the male only subgroup in Netherland [10]. In countries with high HPV vaccine coverage, there is a large reduction of genital warts in nonvaccinated males [11][12][13], that was predicted also in mathematical models.…”

Immune response following a two-dose schedule of bivalent HPV vaccination among girls and boys

“…A virus-like particle (VLP)-based multiplex immunoassay was used to quantify type-specific HPV antibodies to types 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58. To analyse antibodies post-vaccination, we used HPV VLPs produced by GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) and Merck & Co. VLPs were linked to 7 distinct color-coded fluorescent microspheres, and the multiplex immunoassay was performed as previously described (14,15). In brief, samples were serially diluted up to 1/20,000 and incubated with the VLP-coupled microspheres.…”

“…HPVspecific IgG antibodies were detected using R-phycoerythrin (R-PE) conjugated goat anti-human IgG (Jackson ImmunoResearch laboratories Inc, Westgrove, PA). Four 'in-house' control sera and an 'in-house' standard were used on each plate (15). The 'in-house' standard (IVIG, lot LE12H227AF, Baxter) was calibrated against reference serum of GSK for all the seven HPV types.…”