Changes in Inorganic Carbon Chemistry and Deposition of Onondaga Lake, New York

Driscoll, Charles T.; Effler, Steven W.; Doerr, Susan M.

doi:10.1021/es00056a006

Cited by 42 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…However, the relationship between Hg in atmospheric deposition and Hg in biota is not clear since a number of environmental factors control the bioavailability of Hg, such as dissolved organic carbon (DOC), sulfur, redox conditions, and the environment for bacteria that are thought to control bioavailability (Evers et al 1998;Morel et al 1998;Krabbenhoft et al 1995;Driscoll et al 1994). Even though Hg is deposited to landscapes primarily from the atmosphere, watershed processes modulate the amount of Hg that is detectable in surface waters (Grigal 2002;Landis et al 2002;Babiarz et al 1998;Hurley et al 1995) or sediments (Norton et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape Controls on Mercury in Streamwater at Acadia National Park, USA

Peckenham

Kahl

Nelson

et al. 2007

Environ Monit Assess

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Fall and spring streamwater samples were analyzed for total mercury (Hg) and major ions from 47 locations on Mount Desert Island in Maine. Samples were collected in zones that were burned in a major wildfire in 1947 and in zones that were not burned. We hypothesized that Hg concentrations in streamwater would be higher from unburned sites than burned watersheds, because fire would volatilize stored Hg. The Hg concentrations, based on burn history, were not statistically distinct. However, significant statistical associations were noted between Hg and the amount of wetlands in the drainage systems and with streamwater dissolved organic carbon (DOC). An unexpected result was that wetlands mobilized more Hg by generating more DOC in total, but upland DOC was more efficient at transporting Hg because it transports more Hg per unit DOC. Mercury concentrations were higher in samples collected at lower elevations. Mercury was positively correlated with relative discharge, although this effect was not distinguished from the DOC association. In this research, sample site elevation and the presence of upstream wetlands and their associated DOC affected Hg concentrations more strongly than burn history.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape Controls on Mercury in Streamwater at Acadia National Park, USA

Peckenham

Kahl

Nelson

et al. 2007

Environ Monit Assess

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“…33 Portanto, o dióxido de carbono produzido em todos os níveis da degradação da matéria orgânica em sedimentos tem influ-ência direta sobre a alcalinidade destes ambientes, sendo o carbono inorgânico o mais forte sistema tamponante de águas naturais. 34 Apesar do pH e da alcalinidade estarem relacionados, eles podem variar independentemente um do outro. 20 O carbonato de cálcio, predominantemente sob a forma de calcita, é encontrado na maioria dos sedimentos aquáticos naturais e tem a sua solubilidade alterada em função da mineralização da matéria orgânica, com consequente produção de CO 2 .…”

Section: A Importância Da Mineralização Da Matéria Orgânica Na Produçunclassified

Sulfetos volatilizáveis por acidificação e metais extraídos simultaneamente na avaliação de sedimentos de água doce

Fagnani¹,

Guimarães²,

Mozeto³

et al. 2011

Quím. Nova

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Recebido em 1/9/10; aceito em 16/5/11; publicado na web em 29/6/11 ACID VOLATILE SULFIDES AND SIMULTANEOUSLY EXTRACTED METALS IN THE ASSESSMENT OF FRESHWATER SEDIMENTS. This paper discusses the historical and methodological fundaments of the dynamics and quantification of acid volatile sulfides (AVS) and simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) in aquatic sediments. It also discusses the SEM/AVS relationship, which involves several controversial aspects such as sulfide stability, sulfide-organic matter interaction, and the inability to predict the toxicity of organic compounds in the environment. This relationship is an important tool for the inference of metal bioavailability. The use of ecotoxicological tests with target organisms regulated by international standards is also a relevant aspect.Keywords: acid volatile sulfides; simultaneously extracted metals; freshwater sediments. INTRODUÇÃOCom o avanço da ciência e da industrialização, houve uma alteração muito grande no fluxo de elementos químicos entre os principais compartimentos naturais: hidrosfera, atmosfera, litosfera, biosfera e a antroposfera.1 A indústria da transformação, a construção civil, a demanda energética, a consequente extração de recursos minerais e a intensificação da produção de alimentos são exemplos de atividades que causam grandes impactos ao ambiente, caracterizando a influência antropogênica no planeta. Os ciclos biogeoquímicos de muitos metais ainda não foram amplamente elucidados, carecendo de pesquisas no sentido de explicar quais as implicações em se perturbar um compartimento ocasionando mobilizações e transporte de espécies químicas antes naturalmente armazenadas de forma estável, com consequentes modificações nos tempos de residência e alterações nos padrões de interações de tais metais com a biosfera.Neste sentido, estudos de especiação aliados a testes de toxicidade revelam que a quantificação da concentração total de metais existentes em determinado meio não é o melhor indicador de potencial tóxico, já que o fator biodisponibilidade não pode ser estimado por esta variável. Podem ocorrer situações em que um compartimento natural apresente altos teores totais de determinado metal, mas todo ele esteja indisponível para ser incorporado à biota, enquanto que, em outras situações, concentrações mais baixas do mesmo metal são mais deletérias aos seres vivos, dada a sua facilidade de se incorporar aos tecidos, causando intoxicações e podendo levar a sérias injúrias. 2-5 CARACTERÍSTICAS E IMPORTÂNCIA DOS SEDIMENTOSDentre todos os compartimentos naturais, os sedimentos dos corpos aquáticos se destacam pela sua complexidade e pela capacidade de concentrar e armazenar substâncias potencialmente tóxicas, sendo que mesmo após o encerramento das atividades-fonte de determinado processo impactante, e mesmo que a água atenda aos padrões de qualidade, os sedimentos ainda podem se manter contaminados, promovendo processos de bioacumulação por muito tempo. 6Segundo a rede mundial de sedimentos, SedNet, o sedimento é uma parte essencial, integral ...

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“…Unusual bidirectional flow conditions have been, and continue to be, observed in the lake outlet, particularly during low runoff periods; e.g., Seneca River water flows toward the lake in the upper layer and denser Onondaga Lake water exits out the bottom of the channel (Effler, 1987;Owens and Effler, 1985;Seger, 1980;Stewart, 1978). Elimination of the natural elevation gradient between the lake and the river made the system susceptible to this phenomenon, however, it has largely been driven by the elevated density of the lake caused by ionic pollution.…”

Section: The Seneca and Oswego Rivers And Onondaga Lakementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of it enters the lake via a natural tributary that runs through the Solvay waste beds (Effler, 1987) of the facility (Effler and Whitehead, 1996). This is manifested as dramatic increases in each of the three ions downstream of the wastebeds (Effler et al, 1991 ;Effler and Whitehead, 1996), and the maintenance of the ion ratio signatures of the Solvay process waste in the tributary (Effler and Whitehead, 1996).…”

Section: Onondaga Lake: Origins Of Ionic Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lake concentrations of these ionic species decreased rapidly following closure of the soda ash facility (Driscoll et al, 1994;Effler, et al, 1990) in response to abrupt decreases in loading and the rapid flushing rate of the lake . The average S of the lake had decreased to about 1.2%0 by the early 1990s; about 70% of S is presently associated with CI-, Na +, and Ca 2+ (Effler, 1996).…”

Section: Onondaga Lake: Origins Of Ionic Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect if reduced salinity input on river stratification and dissolved oxygen

Effler

Doerr

Owens

1997

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Abstract. Changes in the occurrence, character, and longitudinal extent of salinity (5") stratification, and related impacts on dissolved oxygen (DO), in the Seneca and Oswego Rivers, NY, in response to the abatement of ionic pollution of inflowing Onondaga Lake, is documented. The analysis is based on vertical profiles of specific conductance and DO collected over a 20 km reach of the river system for several years before and after the closure of the source of the ionic pollution, a soda ash manufacturing facility. The S difference between the lake and the Seneca River decreased from about 2.6 to 0.7 parts per thousand (%o) following the closure; more than 50% of the continuing difference is associated with lingering ionic waste loading from soda ash production. The occurrence and longitudinal range of the S stratification phenomenon was, and continues to be, highly dependent on river flow. It is most strongly manifested when river flow is low. The occurrence, magnitude, and longtitudinal extent of S stratification have decreased, and vertical exchange between the stratified layers has increased, since the closure, thereby ameliorating the coupled negative impact on the river's oxygen resources. However, under low flow conditions (e.g., probability of occurrence equal to 15%) S stratification continues to extent > 2 km upstream and > 8 km downstream of the point of entry of Onondaga Lake into the Seneca River. Severe DO depletion in the lowel fiver layer, representing violations of New York water quality standards, continues to occur where S stratification prevails. Elimination of the continuing ionic waste inputs from soda ash production would further limit the stratification phenomenon and improve the river's DO problem.

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Changes in Inorganic Carbon Chemistry and Deposition of Onondaga Lake, New York

Cited by 42 publications

References 29 publications

Landscape Controls on Mercury in Streamwater at Acadia National Park, USA

Landscape Controls on Mercury in Streamwater at Acadia National Park, USA

Sulfetos volatilizáveis por acidificação e metais extraídos simultaneamente na avaliação de sedimentos de água doce

Effect if reduced salinity input on river stratification and dissolved oxygen

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