Changes in Intervertebral Disc Cross-Sectional Area With Bed Rest and Space Flight

LeBlanc, Adrian; Evans, Harlan J.; Schneider, Victor; Wendt, Richard; Hedrick, Thomas D.

doi:10.1097/00007632-199404000-00015

Cited by 78 publications

(54 citation statements)

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“…4) and hydration after actual or simulated spaceflight is not clear. The only published work to date after spaceflight showed no significant differences in sagittal plane disc area and lumbar spine length of four astronauts measured 24 h after 8 days spaceflight [19]. Diurnal studies [23] suggest that reductions of IVD size upon rising are normally a rapid process (on the order of hours).…”

Section: What Are the Likely Mechanisms?mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…However, IVD swelling in spaceflight can be inferred from increases in spine length [5] and body height [6] during spaceflight and from IVD swelling observed in vivo following bed rest (Fig. 2) for a few hours [7,8], overnight [9][10][11][12], and for a number of weeks [13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. At the end of overnight bed-rest, lumbar intradiscal pressure is increased [20].…”

Section: What Are the Likely Mechanisms?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disc herniations in astronauts: What causes them, and what does it tell us about herniation on earth?

et al. 2015

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Purpose Recent work showed an increased risk of cervical and lumbar intervertebral disc (IVD) herniations in astronauts. The European Space Agency asked the authors to advise on the underlying pathophysiology of this increased risk, to identify predisposing factors and possible interventions and to suggest research priorities. Methods The authors performed a narrative literature review of the possible mechanisms, and conducted a survey within the team to prioritize research and prevention approaches.Results and conclusions Based on literature review the most likely cause for lumbar IVD herniations was concluded to be swelling of the IVD in the unloaded condition during spaceflight. For the cervical IVDs, the knowledge base is too limited to postulate a likely mechanism or recommend approaches for prevention. Basic research on the impact of (un)loading on the cervical IVD and translational research is needed. The highest priority prevention approach for the lumbar spine was post-flight care avoiding activities involving spinal flexion, followed by passive

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Section: What Are the Likely Mechanisms?mentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: What Are the Likely Mechanisms?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Disc herniations in astronauts: What causes them, and what does it tell us about herniation on earth?

et al. 2015

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“…Between evening and morning MRI scans, T1 was found to decrease, whereas T2 was found to increase [11]. An expansion of the disc area associated with a modest increase in the transverse relaxation time during overnight or longer bed rest [35], and a greater creep in the lumbar spine while in an extended posture than while in a flexed posture were also reported [26]. Higher T1 and ADC were found in loaded discs than in the unloaded discs [18].…”

Section: Physiological Loading and Mri Imagingmentioning

confidence: 93%

Quantitative MRI as a diagnostic tool of intervertebral disc matrix composition and integrity

2008

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Degenerative disc disease has been implicated as a major component of spine pathology. The current major clinical procedures for treating disc degeneration have been disappointing, because of altered spinal mechanics leading to subsequent degeneration at adjacent disc levels. Disc pathology treatment is shifting toward prevention and treatment of underlying etiologic processes at the level of the disc matrix composition and integrity and the biomechanics of the disc. The ability to perform such treatment relies on one's ability to accurately and objectively assess the state of the matrix and the effectiveness of treatment by a non-invasive technique. In this review, we will summarize our advances in efforts to develop an objective, accurate, non-invasive diagnostic tool (quantitative MRI) in the detection and quantification of matrix composition and integrity and of biomechanical changes in early intervertebral disc degeneration.

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“…such that no further stature gains would be observed, thereby clearly reaching a plateau. The effects of prolonged traction procedures are not well known, although Le Blanc et al 24 have demonstrated gains of up to 70 mm in space flights, in response to the absence of gravitational forces. A number of adverse symptoms (discomfort and pain) have been reported in response to such unloading 24 .…”

Section: Stature Gainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in stature during and after spinal traction in young male subjects

Rodacki¹,

Weidle²,

Fowler³

et al. 2007

Rev. bras. fisioter.

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Background: Spinal traction is a relatively popular procedure for increasing the intervertebral space by applying separating forces. The parameters of time and magnitude of the traction forces may influence the outcomes from this procedure and need to be investigated. The duration of the benefits derived from traction is unknown and needs to be determined so that physiotherapists can provide better and more effective treatments. Objective: This study analyzed the relationship between load magnitude and time during spinal traction in relation to stature variations. Traction effect duration was also analyzed. Method: Fifteen healthy male subjects (23.1 ± 5.77 years; 1.80 ± 0.17 m and 87.0 ± 9.6 kg) were assessed under three traction conditions (0, 30 and 60% of body weight, BW) of 42 minutes. Stature variation was used to determine intervertebral disc height variation. Stature was assessed every 7 minutes during traction of 42 minutes and every 5 minutes for 45 minutes after traction ceased. Results: 0 and 30% BW traction produced similar gains (6.09 ± 1.89 mm, 5.70 ± 1.88 mm, respectively; p>0.05), while these were smaller (p<0.05) than at 60% BW (7.01 ± 1.98 mm). Significant differences (p<0.05) between 60% BW and the other conditions occurred only after the 21 st minute. Stature loss after traction showed that the traction effects were transient and lasted for approximately one hour. This suggests that traction loads of 30% BW are insufficient to produce stature gains similar to those observed with 60% BW. Conclusion: Traction showed a short-duration transient effect. For this effect to be maintained, it must be repeated at one-hour intervals. Its use is questioned because of its transient nature.

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Changes in Intervertebral Disc Cross-Sectional Area With Bed Rest and Space Flight

Cited by 78 publications

References 0 publications

Disc herniations in astronauts: What causes them, and what does it tell us about herniation on earth?

Disc herniations in astronauts: What causes them, and what does it tell us about herniation on earth?

Quantitative MRI as a diagnostic tool of intervertebral disc matrix composition and integrity

Changes in stature during and after spinal traction in young male subjects

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