“…Although, for reasons explained above, it would be inappropriate to assume that the smaller change in thickness in the lumbopelvic pain cohort was due solely to a decreased amount of muscle activity, knowing that a 24% and an 11% change in thickness of the TrA and IO, respectively, is expected during an active straight leg raise test is potentially useful. In addition to this example and in keeping with the abdominal wall muscles as an example, investigators have measured thickness, length, and/or CSA in both resting 7,12,54,59,63 and dynamic conditions (eg, abdominal drawing-in maneuver, 11,69 respiration, 1,72 balance, upper limb tasks, 51 and walking tasks) within various (low back, lumbopelvic, and pelvic girdle pain, 67 amputees, 62 postpartum, 8 and healthy) cohorts. These studies provide normal resting values and/or describe patterns of architectural change.…”