Changes in Length of Grandparenthood in Finland 1790-1959

Chapman, Simon N.; Lahdenperä, Mirkka; Pettay, Jenni E.; Lummaa, Virpi

doi:10.23979/fypr.65346

Cited by 26 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Those examining lineages use similar measures of number of descendants (Kolk and Hällsten 2017) or patrilineal descendants (Song et al 2015). These studies relied on historical genealogical data, register data, or historical church records (Chapman et al 2017; Song and Campbell 2017). In general, few data sets from the United States are up to the task of analyzing these issues, and those that are available either are limited to highly unique populations (e.g., Utahns) or cover only relatively recent birth cohorts (e.g., those in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, or National Longitudinal Study of Youth; see Song and Campbell 2017).…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, such measures are rarely available because few surveys follow respondents until death, and fewer still ask about the age at transition to grandparenthood, both of which must be known to estimate the duration of grandparenthood among those who experience this role. Only two studies reported true cohort measures for the duration of grandparenthood: a recent one using unique church record data from Finland (Chapman et al 2017) and a microsimulation (Chung 2017).…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Cohort Perspective on the Demography of Grandparenthood: Past, Present, and Future Changes in Race and Sex Disparities in the United States

Margolis

Verdery

2019

Demography

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How has the demography of grandparenthood changed over the last century? How have racial inequalities in grandparenthood changed, and how are they expected to change in the future? Massive improvements in mortality, increasing childlessness, and fertility postponement have profoundly altered the likelihood that people become grandparents as well as the timing and length of grandparenthood for those that do. The demography of grandparenthood is important to understand for those taking a multigenerational perspective of stratification and racial inequality because these processes define the onset and duration of intergenerational relationships in ways that constrain the forms and levels of intergenerational transfers that can occur within them. In this article, we discuss four measures of the demography of grandparenthood and use simulated data to estimate the broad contours of historical changes in the demography of grandparenthood in the United States for the 1880–1960 birth cohorts. Then we examine race and sex differences in grandparenthood in the past and present, which reveal declining inequality in the demography of grandparenthood and a projection of increasing group convergence in the coming decades. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s13524-019-00795-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cohort Perspective on the Demography of Grandparenthood: Past, Present, and Future Changes in Race and Sex Disparities in the United States

Margolis

Verdery

2019

Demography

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“…For many people, increased life expectancy has led to a situation in which they share their lives with family members for longer periods of time (Chapman, Lahdenperä, Pettay, & Lummaa, 2017). This has resulted in increased and more varied inter‐dependencies that reflect stronger intergenerational relations and more reciprocal support.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Work–family balance in the second half of life: Caregivers' decisions regarding retirement and working time reduction in Europe

2020

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This article investigates how different types of informal caregiving – upward, lateral and downward – impact men's and women's decisions to retire or to reduce their working hours, and how welfare policy characteristics moderate the linkage between informal care provision and employment participation. The analyses are based on six waves from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). We exploit the data's longitudinal structure by applying fixed‐effects regression models with lagged, time‐varying country characteristics. The results show that, in most cases, upward caregiving to parents is less relevant for deciding to remain in the labour market than lateral care (especially to siblings, friends and neighbours) and downward grandchild care. The welfare context moderates the impact of caregiving on labour market participation, with variation between the different types of care provided.

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“…grandmother age at grandchild birth and grandchild birth order: later-born grandchildren will have less time with their grandmothers. We know little of the length of grandmotherhood in pre-industrial societies, other than it was likely to have been shorter than today, because few studies have investigated past trends [ 29 , 31 , 32 ], especially before the 20 th century. Understanding the temporal changes in the length of grandmotherhood and availability of grandmothers is needed for deeper understanding of current intergenerational relations and of forces that may have shaped these relationships.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This dataset and study period therefore offers an exceptional opportunity to examine the grandmother-grandchild relationship before and during a time when major shifts were occurring in population level traits and in society at large. We limited our study to grandmothers only, as the shared time of grandfathers was negligible in pre-modern Finland [ 32 ], and because grandfathers in this population were of little importance to grandchild outcomes [ 37 ]. We also studied both maternal and paternal grandmothers, as many populations with known grandmother effects show a difference in these effects [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grandmotherhood across the demographic transition

et al. 2018

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Grandmothers provide key care to their grandchildren in both contemporary and historic human populations. The length of the grandmother-grandchild relationship provides a basis for such interactions, but its variation and determinants have rarely been studied in different contexts, despite changes in age-specific mortality and fertility rates likely having affected grandmotherhood patterns across the demographic transition. Understanding how often and long grandmothers have been available for their grandchildren in different conditions may help explain the large differences between grandmaternal effects found in different societies, and is vital for developing theories concerning the evolution of menopause, post-reproductive longevity, and family living. Using an extensive genealogical dataset from Finland spanning the demographic transition, we quantify the length of grandmotherhood and its determinants from 1790–1959. We found that shared time between grandmothers and grandchildren was consistently low before the demographic transition, only increasing greatly during the 20th century. Whilst reduced childhood mortality and increasing adult longevity had a role in this change, grandmaternal age at birth remained consistent across the study period. Our findings further understanding of the temporal context of grandmother-grandchild relationships, and emphasise the need to consider the demography of grandmotherhood in a number of disciplines, including biology (e.g. evolution of the family), sociology (e.g. changing family structures), population health (e.g. changing age structures), and economics (e.g. workforce retention).

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Changes in Length of Grandparenthood in Finland 1790-1959

Abstract: The importance of grandparents for their grandchildren is well-studied in several disciplines, and

Cited by 26 publications

References 22 publications

A Cohort Perspective on the Demography of Grandparenthood: Past, Present, and Future Changes in Race and Sex Disparities in the United States

A Cohort Perspective on the Demography of Grandparenthood: Past, Present, and Future Changes in Race and Sex Disparities in the United States

Work–family balance in the second half of life: Caregivers' decisions regarding retirement and working time reduction in Europe

Grandmotherhood across the demographic transition

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