Changes in lipoprotein particle subclasses, standard lipids, and apolipoproteins after supplementation with n-3 or n-6 PUFAs in abdominal obesity: A randomized double-blind crossover study

Grytten, Elise; Laupsa‐Borge, Johnny; Bohov, Pavol; Bjørndal, Bodil; Strand, Elin; Skorve, Jon; Nordrehaug, Jan Erik; Berge, Rolf K.; Rostrup, Egill; Mellgren, Gunnar; Dankel, Simon N.; Nygård, Ottar

doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2021.03.040

Cited by 9 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…This study reports exploratory analyses of sex-specific responses at baseline and after n-3 or n-6 PUFA interventions in an RCT with a crossover design previously described in detail (83). Briefly, the study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02647333) and conducted according to the guidelines in the Declaration of Helsinki.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Participants taking dietary supplements, including fish oil, were asked to stop supplementation at least 3 months before pre-treatment baseline, except for those taking prescribed iron, calcium, or vitamin D for medical reasons. Changes in prescribed medication and supplementation during the study have been previously reported (83). Participants were instructed to maintain their usual lifestyle, dietary habits, and physical activity level during the study.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We previously reported that high-dose supplementation of highquality oils with n-3 (EPA + DHA) or n-6 (LA) PUFAs was followed by reductions in primarily TAG-or cholesterol-related LLA components, respectively, and concluded that the responses after both interventions point to changes in the LLA profile that have been associated with reduced cardiometabolic risk, also among people with TAG or LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) levels within the normal range (83). However, to the best of our knowledge, no randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have previously explored sex-dependent lipoprotein subgroup responses after n-3 or n-6 PUFA interventions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex-specific responses in glucose-insulin homeostasis and lipoprotein-lipid components after high-dose supplementation with marine n-3 PUFAs in abdominal obesity: a randomized double-blind crossover study

et al. 2023

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BackgroundClinical studies on effects of marine-derived omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), mainly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and the plant-derived omega-6 (n-6) PUFA linoleic acid (LA) on lipoprotein-lipid components and glucose-insulin homeostasis have shown conflicting results, which may partly be explained by differential responses in females and males. However, we have lacked data on sexual dimorphism in the response of cardiometabolic risk markers following increased consumption of n-3 or n-6 PUFAs.ObjectiveTo explore sex-specific responses after n-3 (EPA + DHA) or n-6 (LA) PUFA supplementation on circulating lipoprotein subfractions, standard lipids, apolipoproteins, fatty acids in red blood cell membranes, and markers of glycemic control/insulin sensitivity among people with abdominal obesity.MethodsThis was a randomized double-blind crossover study with two 7-week intervention periods separated by a 9-week washout phase. Females (n = 16) were supplemented with 3 g/d of EPA + DHA (fish oil) or 15 g/d of LA (safflower oil), while males (n = 23) received a dose of 4 g/d of EPA + DHA or 20 g/d of LA. In fasting blood samples, we measured lipoprotein particle subclasses, standard lipids, apolipoproteins, fatty acid profiles, and markers of glycemic control/insulin sensitivity.ResultsThe between-sex difference in relative change scores was significant after n-3 for total high-density lipoproteins (females/males: −11%*/−3.3%, p = 0.036; *: significant within-sex change), high-density lipoprotein particle size (+2.1%*/−0.1%, p = 0.045), and arachidonic acid (−8.3%*/−12%*, p = 0.012), and after n-6 for total (+37%*/+2.1%, p = 0.041) and small very-low-density lipoproteins (+97%*/+14%, p = 0.021), and lipoprotein (a) (−16%*/+0.1%, p = 0.028). Circulating markers of glucose-insulin homeostasis differed significantly after n-3 for glucose (females/males: −2.1%/+3.9%*, p = 0.029), insulin (−31%*/+16%, p < 0.001), insulin C-peptide (−12%*/+13%*, p = 0.001), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index 2 (−12%*/+14%*, p = 0.001) and insulin sensitivity index 2 (+14%*/−12%*, p = 0.001), and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (+4.9%*/−3.4%*, p < 0.001).ConclusionWe found sex-specific responses after high-dose n-3 (but not n-6) supplementation in circulating markers of glycemic control/insulin sensitivity, which improved in females but worsened in males. This may partly be related to the sex differences we observed in several components of the lipoprotein-lipid profile following the n-3 intervention.Clinical trial registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier [NCT02647333].

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex-specific responses in glucose-insulin homeostasis and lipoprotein-lipid components after high-dose supplementation with marine n-3 PUFAs in abdominal obesity: a randomized double-blind crossover study

et al. 2023

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“…Blood samples of the OMEGA trial 15 were collected over a period of 16 weeks. OMEGA subjects had participated in a crossover intervention study investigating the effects of omega-3 and omega-6 oil supplementation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Within-person reproducibility of proteoforms related to inflammation and renal dysfunction

Gao

McCann

Laupsa‐Borge

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Protein biomarkers and microheterogeneity have attracted increasing attention in epidemiological and clinical research. Knowledge of within-person reproducibility over time is paramount to determine whether a single measurement accurately reflects an individual’s long-term exposure. Yet, research investigating within-person reproducibility for proteoforms is limited. We investigated the reproducibility of the inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), and calprotectin (S100A8/9), and the renal function marker cystatin C (CnC) using a novel immuno-MALDI-TOF MS assay. Reproducibility, expressed as intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), was calculated for 16 proteoforms using plasma samples of the Western Norway B Vitamin Intervention Trial (WENBIT) cohort collected 1–3 y apart from 295 stable angina pectoris (SAP) patients and 16 weeks apart from 38 subjects of the Intervention with Omega Fatty Acids in High-risk Patients with Hypertriglyceridemic Waist (OMEGA) trial with abdominal obesity but no other documented co-morbidities. ICCs for inflammatory markers were lower in WENBIT (CRP: 0.51, SAAt: 0.38, S100At: 0.31) compared to OMEGA subjects (CRP: 0.71, SAAt: 0.73, S100At: 0.48), while comparable for CnCt (WENBIT: 0.69, OMEGA: 0.67). Excluding SAP patients with elevated inflammation (CRP > 10 µg/ml) increased the ICC of SAAt to 0.55. Reduction of the time interval from 3 to 1 y in WENBIT group increased ICCs for all proteoforms. With a few exceptions ICCs did not differ between proteoforms of the same biomarker. ICCs were highest in OMEGA subjects with fair-to-good reproducibility for all markers. Reproducibility of SAA and S100A8/9 proteoforms in the WENBIT cohort was related to inflammation. This work will inform future clinical and epidemiological research which relies on single time point biomarker assessment to investigate inflammation and renal function.

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“…This provides a further indication that poor diet is a risk factor for another one of the world's major causes of morbidity. [14 ▪▪ –18 ▪▪ ,19 ▪ ]…”

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confidence: 99%

Nutrition and its impact on cardiovascular disease

Bhatnagar

2022

Current Opinion in Lipidology

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Globalization, and more recently the COVID-19 pandemic, has resulted in major changes in nutrition and health [1 & ]. In some countries hunger and undernutrition persist, but in middle-income and developed countries malnutrition-related obesity and chronic diseases prevail. The type and availability of food consumed appears to be changing worldwide and impacting on cardiovascular disease [2]. It is, therefore, useful to see a reappraisal of data linking diet and cardiovascular disease.Opinions vary on whether dairy products contribute to cardiovascular disease. An interesting Swedish cohort study [3 && ] of about 4000 adults found that higher levels of a marker for dairy intake was associated with lower incident cardiovascular disease. The authors also carried out a meta-analysis of 18 cohorts, including their own, and once again dietary markers of dairy intake were associated with lower cardiovascular risk. There are a variety of dairy products with differing fat content and the authors acknowledge that the biomarkers did not distinguish between the type of dairy food.Another overarching systematic review of guidelines, systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials [4 && ] foundthat dairy products and redmeathad no clear effect on LDL cholesterol, but foods high in saturated fat and unfiltered coffee showed a moderate-to-large increase in LDL cholesterol. Eggs, marine oils, and sugar also showed a small increase in LDL cholesterol. This study very usefully presented the GRADE evidence (The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) for the effects of foods on LDL cholesterol.

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Changes in lipoprotein particle subclasses, standard lipids, and apolipoproteins after supplementation with n-3 or n-6 PUFAs in abdominal obesity: A randomized double-blind crossover study

Abstract: Please cite this article as: E. Grytten, J. Laupsa-Borge, P. Bohov et al., Changes in lipoprotein particle subclasses, standard lipids, and apolipoproteins after supplementation with n-3 or n-6 PUFAs in abdominal obesity: A randomized double-blind crossover study, Clinical Nutrition,

Cited by 9 publications

References 144 publications

Sex-specific responses in glucose-insulin homeostasis and lipoprotein-lipid components after high-dose supplementation with marine n-3 PUFAs in abdominal obesity: a randomized double-blind crossover study

Sex-specific responses in glucose-insulin homeostasis and lipoprotein-lipid components after high-dose supplementation with marine n-3 PUFAs in abdominal obesity: a randomized double-blind crossover study

Within-person reproducibility of proteoforms related to inflammation and renal dysfunction

Nutrition and its impact on cardiovascular disease

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