Changes in lipoprotein profiles during intense military training.

Abstract

The effects of intense military training on lipoprotein concentrations were monitored in a group of 44 Navy trainees. Dietary intakes and lipoprotein profiles were obtained before and after 5 weeks of physical conditioning and after 5 days of continuous, extremely intense physical and psychological stress. Body weight did not change significantly and dietary intakes were consistently high in saturated fat and cholesterol. After physical conditioning, serum total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were unchanged, while high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations increased 31% (p less than 0.05). After 5 days of severe stress, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein concentrations decreased 17.2% and 30%, respectively (p less than 0.05), whereas HDL concentrations increased 12.1%. These data indicate that marked changes in lipoprotein profiles occur, not only with long-term physical conditioning, but also with strenuous training that lasts several days, despite high energy, fat, and cholesterol intakes.

Alterations in Metabolic and Cardiovascular Risk Factors During Critical Training in Wildland Firefighters

“…Following 5 days of “Hellweek,” a further decrease in TC (–17.2%) and LDL-C (–30%) with an increase in HDL-C (+12.1%) was observed. Throughout, TG was unchanged at the observed sampling time points 37 . Additionally, 12-weeks of military training in Israeli recruits resulted in an increase in body weight 36 .…”

“…The changes in lipid panel parameters found in this study are similar to others involving training periods of military recruits. 36,37 Smoak et al 37 previously investigated the diets and serum lipoprotein concentrations of US Navy SEAL candidates during the first 7weeks of their training program. The program involves a 5-week conditioning program followed by ''Hellweek,'' marked by 113 hours of physical and psychological stress.…”

“…Throughout, TG was unchanged at the observed sampling time points. 37 Additionally, 12-weeks of military training in Israeli recruits resulted in an increase in body weight. 36 The progressively more physically demanding program in this study was broken into two sections; period 1 involving weekly energy expenditures of 11,603 kcals (1900 kcalsÁday À1 ) and period 2 with $24,625 kcalsÁweek À1 (4100 kcalÁday À1 ).…”

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“…In literature, other researchers found results different to ours. In fact, using intense physical conditioning, Smoak, et al observed no change in lipid profile among participant to his study [15]. This difference may be after 6 days of inactivity in overweight subjects [20].…”

Interplay between stress and immunity triggers herpes zoster infection in COVID-19 patients: a review

“…Investigation of metabolic biomarkers (cholesterol levels, albumin, and glycosylated hemoglobin) and immune system biomarkers (interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and C-reactive protein) helps to confirm the induction of stress conditions (Kriegler et al, 1988;Smoak et al, 1990;Pace et al, 2009). These markers reflect the stress-related metabolic and immunological changes in COVID-19 patients.…”