Changes in Liver and Gastrointestinal Tract Energy Demands in Response to Physiological Workload in Ruminants

Johnson, Donald E.; Johnson, Kenneth A.; Baldwin, R.L.

doi:10.1093/jn/120.6.649

Cited by 177 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Previous studies have demonstrated similar results (Yeh, 1983;Johnson et al, 1990;Sainz & Bentley, 1997;McLeod & Baldwin, 2000;D'Inca et al, 2010;Wang et al, 2005).…”

Section: Growth Of Tissuessupporting

confidence: 74%

Effects of Protein and/or Energy Restriction for Six Weeks, Followed with Nutritional Recovery on the Antioxidant Capacity and Development of Liver, Spleen and Muscle of Weaned Kids

Yang¹,

Sun²,

He³

et al. 2012

JAS

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The effects of protein and/or energy restrictions on the antioxidant capacity and development of liver, spleen and muscle were investigated in kids. Sixty Liuyang Black kids, weaned at 28-day old, were allocated to four treatments: control, either energy or protein restriction, and combined energy and protein restriction. The experimental period consisted of six weeks of nutritional restriction followed with nine weeks of nutritional recovery. On day 42, energy restriction decreased the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in spleen, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) mRNA level in muscle and spleen, and the ratio of RNA to DNA in liver (P < 0.05); protein restriction decreased the activity of glutathione reductase (GR) in muscle and liver, the ratio of RNA to DNA in liver, and the N concentration and the ratio of N to DNA in spleen and muscle (P < 0.05); combined restriction of energy and protein decreased the activities of catalase and GR and the ratio of RNA to DNA in muscle, and the activities of SOD, GSH-Px and GR in spleen (P < 0.05). On day 105, there was no difference in the antioxidant parameters among four groups (P > 0.05); however, the weights of liver and spleen in groups of pre-protein restriction and pre-combined restriction of energy and protein were still less than those of kids in control. The results indicate that six weeks of nutritional restriction can reduce the antioxidant capacity of muscle, spleen and liver, retard the development of liver and spleen, and the retarded development partly continues even after nine weeks of nutritional recovery.

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“…Previous studies have demonstrated similar results (Yeh, 1983;Johnson et al, 1990;Sainz & Bentley, 1997;McLeod & Baldwin, 2000;D'Inca et al, 2010;Wang et al, 2005).…”

Section: Growth Of Tissuessupporting

confidence: 74%

Effects of Protein and/or Energy Restriction for Six Weeks, Followed with Nutritional Recovery on the Antioxidant Capacity and Development of Liver, Spleen and Muscle of Weaned Kids

Yang¹,

Sun²,

He³

et al. 2012

JAS

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“…At the tissue level, mass is related to its metabolism or functional workload (13,42), contributing 55-80% to the basal metabolic rate (reviewed in Refs. 31, 46, 60, and 81).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recurrent restriction of sleep and inadequate recuperation induce both adaptive changes and pathological outcomes

Everson¹,

Szabó

2009

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Everson CA, Szabo A. Recurrent restriction of sleep and inadequate recuperation induce both adaptive changes and pathological outcomes. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 297: R1430-R1440, 2009. First published August 19, 2009 doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00230.2009.-Chronic restriction of a basic biological need induces adaptations to help meet requisites for survival. The adaptations to chronic restriction of sleep are unknown. A single episode of 10 days of partial sleep loss in rats previously was shown to be tolerated and to result in increased food intake and loss of body weight as principal signs. The purpose of the present experiment was to investigate the extent to which adaptation to chronic sleep restriction would ameliorate short-term effects and result in a changed internal phenotype. Rats were studied during 10 wk of multiple periods of restricted and unrestricted sleep to allow adaptive changes to develop. Control rats received the same ambulatory requirements only consolidated into periods that lessened interruptions of their sleep. The results indicate a latent period of relatively stable food and water intake without weight gain, followed by a dynamic phase marked by enormous increases in food and water intake and progressive loss of body weight, without malabsorption of calories. Severe consequences ensued, marked especially by changes to the connective tissues, and became fatal for two individuals. The most striking changes to internal organs in sleep-restricted rats included lengthening of the small intestine, decreased size of adipocytes, and increased incidence of multilocular adipocytes. Major organs accounted for an increased proportion of total body mass. These changes to internal tissues appear adaptive in response to high energy production, decomposition of lipids, and increased need to absorb nutrients, but ultimately insufficient to compensate for inadequate sleep. sleep rebound; adaptation; metabolism; adiposity; connective tissues; visceral organs CHRONIC DEFICIENCIES IN BASIC biological requirements produce disease. This basic principle has been well established for nutrition, hydration, and oxygen. It also is believed to be true for sleep. However, the specific physiological properties and outcomes of chronic sleep deficiency are not well elucidated. Most studies on the effects of inadequate sleep have employed previously well-rested, young, normal human and animal subjects under conditions of acute and short-term sleep loss. As may be expected, early physical signs of deprivation seem nonspecific, while subject complaints and poor cognitive performance are pronounced (e.g., reviewed in Refs. 7, 38, 48, and 52). Recently, findings in humans undergoing sleep restriction prolonged for six nights suggest sleep loss produces risk factors for obesity, diabetes, and hypertension (45, 71), but questions arise about the extent to which outcomes can be extrapolated to conditions of chronic deficiency and actually become realized. Epidemiological studies show strong linkages between sleep los...

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“…Assim, com a mobilização do tecido intestinal ou redução do turnover celular, o animal procura manter a homeostase energética. Johnson et al (1990) observaram, em ruminantes, que as vísceras, embora pesando menos de 10% do peso corporal, consomem de 40% a 50% do total de energia gasta pelo animal. Em aves reprodutoras, Sprat et al (1990) relataram que, embora o intestino, Tabela 3.…”

Section: Variáveisunclassified

Efeito da restrição alimentar quantitativa sobre o ganho compensatório e composição da carcaça de frangos

Sugeta

Giachetto

Malheiros

et al. 2002

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do nível de restrição alimentar sobre o ganho compensatório e composição da carcaça de frangos Ross. Foram utilizados frangos machos, submetidos a restrição alimentar quantitativa de 30% e 70% do consumo diário das aves alimentadas ad libitum, entre o 8º e o 14º dias de idade e realimentados ad libitum até 42 dias de idade, em um experimento inteiramente casualizado, segundo um esquema em parcelas subdivididas, tendo como parcelas o programa alimentar (ad libitum, restrição 30% e 70%) e subparcelas a idade das aves (dias). O ganho de peso, peso da carcaça, peso do intestino e quantidade total de gordura dos frangos restritos a 70% foram significativamente menores aos 42 dias de idade; no entanto, não foram verificadas diferenças significativas quanto a estes parâmetros entre frangos restritos em 30% e os alimentados ad libitum. A conversão alimentar, o comprimento do intestino e a gordura abdominal não foram afetados pelo programa alimentar. Os resultados obtidos nestes experimentos evidenciam que frangos de corte submetidos a restrição alimentar de 30% apresentaram ganho compensatório durante o período de realimentação; no entanto, a restrição de 70% é muito severa, afetando de forma negativa tanto o desempenho quanto a qualidade da carcaça dos frangos.

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Changes in Liver and Gastrointestinal Tract Energy Demands in Response to Physiological Workload in Ruminants

Cited by 177 publications

References 35 publications

Effects of Protein and/or Energy Restriction for Six Weeks, Followed with Nutritional Recovery on the Antioxidant Capacity and Development of Liver, Spleen and Muscle of Weaned Kids

Effects of Protein and/or Energy Restriction for Six Weeks, Followed with Nutritional Recovery on the Antioxidant Capacity and Development of Liver, Spleen and Muscle of Weaned Kids

Recurrent restriction of sleep and inadequate recuperation induce both adaptive changes and pathological outcomes

Efeito da restrição alimentar quantitativa sobre o ganho compensatório e composição da carcaça de frangos

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