Changes in malaria epidemiology in a rural area of Cubal, Angola

Salvador, Fernando; Cossio, Yolima; Riera, Marta; Sánchez-Montalvà, Adrián; Bocanegra, Cristina; Peña, Jacobo Mendioroz; Eugénio, A Ninda; Sulleiro, Elena; Meredith, Warren; López, Teresa; Moreno, Milagros; Molina, Israel

doi:10.1186/s12936-014-0540-z

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In these countries, similar effect of scaled-up malaria control interventions were documented. Other recent sub-national level studies on the effect of the interventions in areas of high transmission include: Angola [ 29 ], Bioko Island in Equatorial Guinea [ 30 ], Tanzania [ 31 ], and Zambia [ 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of anti-malarial interventions on trends of malaria cases, hospital admissions and deaths, 2005–2015, Ghana

Aregawi

Malm

Mohammed

et al. 2017

Malar J

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BackgroundSince 2005, the Government of Ghana and its partners, in concerted efforts to control malaria, scaled up the use of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) and insecticide-treated nets (ITNs). Beginning in 2011, a mass campaign of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) was implemented, targeting all the population. The impact of these interventions on malaria cases, admissions and deaths was assessed using data from district hospitals.MethodsRecords of malaria cases and deaths and availability of ACT in 88 hospitals, as well as at district level, ITN distribution, and indoor residual spraying were reviewed. Annual proportion of the population potentially protected by ITNs was estimated with the assumption that each LLIN covered 1.8 persons for 3 years. Changes in trends of cases and deaths in 2015 were estimated by segmented log-linear regression, comparing trends in post-scale-up (2011–2015) with that of pre-scale-up (2005–2010) period. Trends of mortality in children under 5 years old from population-based household surveys were also compared with the trends observed in hospitals for the same time period.ResultsAmong all ages, the number of outpatient malaria cases (confirmed and presumed) declined by 57% (95% confidence interval [CI], 47–66%) by first half of 2015 (during the post-scale-up) compared to the pre-scale-up (2005–2010) period. The number of microscopically confirmed cases decreased by 53% (28–69%) while microscopic testing was stable. Test positivity rate (TPR) decreased by 41% (19–57%). The change in malaria admissions was insignificant while malaria deaths fell significantly by 65% (52–75%). In children under 5 years old, total malaria outpatient cases, admissions and deaths decreased by 50% (32–63%), 46% (19–75%) and 70% (49–82%), respectively. The proportion of outpatient malaria cases, admissions and deaths of all-cause conditions in both all ages and children under five also fell significantly by >30%. Similar decreases in the main malaria indicators were observed in the three epidemiological strata (coastal, forest, savannah). All-cause admissions increased significantly in patients covered by the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) compared to the non-insured. The non-malaria cases and non-malaria deaths increased or remained unchanged during the same period. All-cause mortality for children under 5 years old in household surveys, similar to those observed in the hospitals, declined by 43% between 2008 and 2014.ConclusionsThe data provide compelling evidence of impact following LLIN mass campaigns targeting all ages since 2011, while maintaining other anti-malarial interventions. Malaria cases and deaths decreased by over 50 and 65%, respectively. The declines were stronger in children under five. Test positivity rate in all ages decreased by >40%. The decrease in malaria deaths was against a backdrop of increased admissions owing to free access to hospitalization through the NHIS. The study demonstrated that retrospective health facility-based data minimize reporting bias...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of anti-malarial interventions on trends of malaria cases, hospital admissions and deaths, 2005–2015, Ghana

Aregawi

Malm

Mohammed

et al. 2017

Malar J

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“…Suspicion of malaria motivated 15% of consultations in patients under 17 years old and a very high admission rate. A mortality rate related to malaria of 8.3% has been described in Cubal [ 17 ]. Despite the decrease in the incidence observed in this area, malaria still accounts for 35% of healthcare demand and 20% of hospital admissions [ 2 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological and clinical features of the emergency visits in a rural hospital in Cubal, Angola

Valls

Olivas

García³

et al. 2018

Pan Afr Med J

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IntroductionThere is scarce information on the profiles of patients attended in the Emergency Departments (ED) in rural Angola.MethodsRetrospective descriptive study including all the patients treated in the ED in Hospital Nossa Senhora da Paz (Cubal) during 6 months (December 2014- May 2015). The epidemiological and clinical data collected were: age, sex, shift, service assignment, reason for consultation and outcome (discharge, admission, referral or death).ResultsA total of 2384 patients (53.4% women) were attended. The median age was 10 years (range: 0 - 96 years); 57.9% and 40.2% of them were under 17 and 5 years, respectively. No differences were observed regarding the assistance per shift, weekdays, weekends, or mean age per shift. The reason for consultation was registered in 69.9% of the patients; the most common were respiratory tract infections (20.5%), fever (14%), digestive diseases (13.6%) and malaria (10.4%). Up to 47.2% of the patients required in-hospital treatment and 1.3% were transferred to other hospitals. The patients admitted were significantly younger than the patients discharged (median age of 4 vs.16 years, p < 0.01). The mortality rate within the ED was 0.5%.ConclusionYoung patients were those who mostly required assistance in the ED. Infectious diseases were the most frequent reason for consultation. Pulmonary tuberculosis was suspected in one third of respiratory infections. The admission rate was high, especially in children under 5 years and in cases of malaria and malnutrition. Low referral rate and low mortality within the ED were observed.

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“…From 2009 to 2013, there was a downward trend in the number of malaria cases in Cubal. Possible reasons for the decrease in malaria in this area of Angola may include socio-economic changes, the implementation of prevention measures against malaria, and possible changes in environmental factors, such as rainfall [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Civil Engineering and Malaria Risk: A Descriptive Study in a Rural Area of Cubal, Angola

Olivas

Bruguera

Eugenio³

et al. 2023

TropicalMed

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(1) Background: Angola is among the high-burden countries with malaria cases globally. After 2013, we suspected an increase in the number of malaria cases in Cubal (Angola), previously in decline. Our objective was to evaluate the incidence rate in Cubal, overall and by neighborhood, for 2014, 2015, and 2016. (2) Methods: A retrospective, observational study was performed in Cubal (Angola) from January 2014 to December 2016, including all patients with a microbiologically confirmed diagnosis, treated at Cubal’s Hospitals for this period of time. The principal variables calculated were the incidence rates of 2014, 2015, and 2016 in Cubal (overall and by neighborhood). (3) Results: There were 3249 malaria cases. The incidence rates were 2.27, 10.73, and 12.40 cases per 1000 inhabitants in 2014, 2015, and 2016, respectively. In the neighborhood, Hamavoko-Kasseke, there was a 10.73-fold increase in incidence during this period. Additionally, Hamavoko-Kasseke presents an anomalous distribution of malaria cases. (4) Conclusions: We observed an increase in the incidence of malaria in Cubal during the three-year study period. The case distribution was highly heterogeneous with hyperendemic areas, and we found a chronobiological association between the construction of a civil engineering project. This information could be useful for deciding which malaria control strategies must be implemented in this area.

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Changes in malaria epidemiology in a rural area of Cubal, Angola

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Effect of anti-malarial interventions on trends of malaria cases, hospital admissions and deaths, 2005–2015, Ghana

Effect of anti-malarial interventions on trends of malaria cases, hospital admissions and deaths, 2005–2015, Ghana

Epidemiological and clinical features of the emergency visits in a rural hospital in Cubal, Angola

Civil Engineering and Malaria Risk: A Descriptive Study in a Rural Area of Cubal, Angola

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