Changes in meal pattern among Norwegian children from 2001 to 2008

Øverby, Nina Cecilie; Stea, Tonje Holte; Vik, Frøydis Nordgård; Klepp, Knut‐Inge; Bere, Elling

doi:10.1017/s1368980010003599

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…It is likely that children and adolescents who eat breakfast differ from those who do not eat breakfast in ways that also influence educational outcomes. There is a consistent evidence that SES is associated with breakfast eating, with children from higher SES backgrounds more likely to regularly eat breakfast than children from lower SES backgrounds, an effect which is consistent across gender and age (Delva et al, 2006; Moore et al, 2007; Doku et al, 2011; Hallström et al, 2011, 2012; Overby et al, 2011). Similarly, there is well established consistent evidence that SES is a central determinant of academic performance and cognitive ability (Brooks-Gunn and Duncan, 1997; McLoyd, 1998; McCulloch and Joshi, 2001; Machin and Vignoles, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The effects of breakfast on behavior and academic performance in children and adolescents

Adolphus¹,

Lawton²,

Dye³

2013

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

250

214

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Breakfast consumption is associated with positive outcomes for diet quality, micronutrient intake, weight status and lifestyle factors. Breakfast has been suggested to positively affect learning in children in terms of behavior, cognitive, and school performance. However, these assertions are largely based on evidence which demonstrates acute effects of breakfast on cognitive performance. Less research which examines the effects of breakfast on the ecologically valid outcomes of academic performance or in-class behavior is available. The literature was searched for articles published between 1950–2013 indexed in Ovid MEDLINE, Pubmed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE databases, and PsychINFO. Thirty-six articles examining the effects of breakfast on in-class behavior and academic performance in children and adolescents were included. The effects of breakfast in different populations were considered, including undernourished or well-nourished children and adolescents from differing socio-economic status (SES) backgrounds. The habitual and acute effects of breakfast and the effects of school breakfast programs (SBPs) were considered. The evidence indicated a mainly positive effect of breakfast on on-task behavior in the classroom. There was suggestive evidence that habitual breakfast (frequency and quality) and SBPs have a positive effect on children's academic performance with clearest effects on mathematic and arithmetic grades in undernourished children. Increased frequency of habitual breakfast was consistently positively associated with academic performance. Some evidence suggested that quality of habitual breakfast, in terms of providing a greater variety of food groups and adequate energy, was positively related to school performance. However, these associations can be attributed, in part, to confounders such as SES and to methodological weaknesses such as the subjective nature of the observations of behavior in class.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The effects of breakfast on behavior and academic performance in children and adolescents

Adolphus¹,

Lawton²,

Dye³

2013

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

250

214

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“…Many Norwegians have supper, because they have an early dinner (at 16.00-18.00 hours) [42]. The lunch meal was not included in this study because an average Norwegian lunch normally consists of packed sandwiches eaten at school/work, and not together with the family.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental food-related behaviors and family meal frequencies: associations in Norwegian dyads of parents and preadolescent children

et al. 2013

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BackgroundFrequent family meals are associated with healthy dietary behaviors and other desirable outcomes in children and adolescents. Therefore, increased knowledge about factors that may increase the occurrence of family meals is warranted. The present study has its focus on the home food environment, and aims to explore potential associations between parent-reported feeding behaviors and child-reported family meal frequencies.MethodsCross-sectional surveys were performed among 10-12-year-olds and their parents recruited from eighteen schools in southwest Norway. The child questionnaire included measures of family meal frequencies (breakfast, dinner and supper). The parent questionnaire included measures of parental feeding behaviors adapted from the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire. A series of multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationships between parental feeding behaviors and the frequency of family meals.ResultsThe frequency of family breakfasts was associated with three parental feeding variables; home environment (β=.11, p<.05), pressure to eat (β=.11, p<.01), and monitoring (β=.10, p<.05). The frequency of family dinners and suppers was associated with one parental feeding variable; home environment (β=.11, p<.01 and β=.12, p<.01 for dinners and suppers respectively).ConclusionsThe home environment variable was the most important correlate of child-reported family meal frequencies in this study. Although further research is needed, our findings support the evident influence of parents and the home food environment on child and adolescent eating behavior, which in the present study was measured as the frequency of shared family meals.

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“…Gender has been shown to be associated with diet-related outcomes in terms of actual consumption (11–13) and meal pattern (14). In relation to fruit and vegetable consumption, it has been argued that girls have greater knowledge and self-efficacy compared to boys, although these determinants did not explain the gender differences in intake after adjusting for preferences and perceived accessibility (12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reporting accuracy of packed lunch consumption among Danish 11-year-olds differ by gender

Lyng

Fagt

Davidsen

et al. 2013

Food & Nutrition Research

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BackgroundPacked lunch is the dominant lunch format in many countries including Denmark. School lunch is consumed unsupervised, and self-reported recalls are appropriate in the school setting. However, little is known about the accuracy of recalls in relation to packed lunch.ObjectiveTo assess the qualitative recall accuracy of self-reported consumption of packed lunch among Danish 11-year-old children in relation to gender and dietary assessment method.DesignA cross-sectional dietary recall study of packed lunch consumption. Digital images (DIs) served as an objective reference method to determine food items consumed. Recalls were collected with a lunch recall questionnaire (LRQ) comprising an open-ended recall (OE-Q) and a pre-coded food group prompted recall (PC-Q). Individual interviews (INTs) were conducted successively. The number of food items was identified and accuracy was calculated as match rates (% identified by DIs and reported correctly) and intrusion rates (% not identified by DIs but reported) were determined.Setting and subjectsThree Danish public schools from Copenhagen. A total of 114 Danish 11-year-old children, mean (SE) age=11.1 (0.03), and body mass index=18.2 (0.26).ResultsThe reference (DIs) showed that girls consumed a higher number of food items than boys [mean (SE) 5.4 (0.25) vs. 4.6 (0.29) items (p=0.05)]. The number of food items recalled differed between genders with OE-Q recalls (p=0.005) only. Girls’ interview recalls were more accurate than boys’ with higher match rates (p=0.04) and lower intrusion rates (p=0.05). Match rates ranged from 67–90% and intrusion rates ranged from 13–39% with little differences between girls and boys using the OE-Q and PC-Q methods.ConclusionDietary recall validation studies should not only consider match rates as an account of accuracy. Intrusions contribute to over-reporting in non-validation studies, and future studies should address recall accuracy and inaccuracies in relation to gender and recall method.

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Changes in meal pattern among Norwegian children from 2001 to 2008

Cited by 13 publications

References 31 publications

The effects of breakfast on behavior and academic performance in children and adolescents

The effects of breakfast on behavior and academic performance in children and adolescents

Parental food-related behaviors and family meal frequencies: associations in Norwegian dyads of parents and preadolescent children

Reporting accuracy of packed lunch consumption among Danish 11-year-olds differ by gender

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