Changes in mitogen responsiveness lymphocyte subsets after traumatic injury: Relation to development of sepsis

Bacterial Clearance and Cytokine Profiles in a Murine Model of Postsurgical Nosocomial Pneumonia

“…Postoperative alterations in host immune functions after major surgery have been well described (1,7,17,18,25,26,39,42,44), and several studies have proposed a causal relationship between surgical or traumatic injury and the subsequent development of infectious complications (34,37). When delivered endotracheally, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the cell walls of gram-negative bacteria induces the release of TNF-␣ from pulmonary macrophages and neutrophils, and the resulting extensive inflammatory response is believed to be responsible, in part, for the high mortality associated with nosocomial infections (20).…”

Immunosuppression associated with interleukin-1R-associated-kinase-M upregulation predicts mortality in Gram-negative sepsis (melioidosis)

“…Immunosuppression can be beneficial by preventing damage from an overwhelming inflammatory response. Conversely, the observation of an altered immune status in patients may favor an increased risk of subsequent nosocomial infections (2)(3)(4). There is, however, no clear demonstration that this phenomenon is directly responsible for poor outcome in patients.…”

Influence of Vaccination and Surgery on HLA-DR Expression in Patients with Upper Aerodigestive Tract Cancer

“…8 A decreased antigen-presenting capacity by monocytes is considered to be relevant for depressed cellmediated immune reactivity in patients following major surgery. 9,10 In addition, impaired monocyte function and monocyte-T cell interactions have been shown to be crucial in the development of infectious and septic complications in the surgical patient. 11 Human leucocyte antigen (HLA-DR) receptor expression is depressed in surgical patients with post-operative infections 12 and it has been shown to correlate with the severity of sepsis and outcome.…”