Changes in molecular species composition of nocardomycolic acids in nocardia rubra by the growth temperature

Tomiyasu, Ikuko; Toriyama, Seiko; Yano, Ikuya; Masui, Masamiki

doi:10.1016/0009-3084(81)90032-3

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Therefore, increased quantities of polyunsaturated, even-carbon-numbered mycolates greater than C50 in length may be associated in some manner with enhanced virulence and toxicity of N. asteroides Tomiyasu (26), Tomiyasu et al (27), and Yano et al (30) studied the structural fragmentation patterns of TMS derivatives of methyl mycolates of several Nocardia strains. It was found that the size and degree of unsaturation of the mycolic acids in N. asteroides were strain specific.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, Tomiyasu (26) reported that the temperature of incubation of N. asteroides resulted in significant shifts in the degree of polyunsaturation of the mycolic acids. Thus, cells grown at 17°C to the stationary phase had longer-chainlength mycolic acids that were more unsaturated (>2 double bonds per molecule) than the same cells grown at 50°C to the stationary phase (26 N. asteroides is clearly altered during its growth cycle at 37°C, and these modifications may be affected further by shifts in growth temperature (26,27). Whether these shifts in temperature also affect virulence and hostparasite interactions remains to be determined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mycolic and fatty acids were methylated by combining 1 mg of lipoidal material with 3.0 ml of HCl-methanol (Applied Science Kit) and toluene (2:1), purged with argon, sealed, heated to 110°C for 18 h, and cooled, and the solvent was evaporated under nitrogen at 50°C (3,5). Trimethyl silyl (TMS) derivatives of the mycolic acid methyl esters were prepared by adding 200 RI of Sil-Prep (Applied Sciences Kit) to the sample tubes, sealed to prevent contact with moisture, and heated for 30 s at 45°C with agitation followed by 30 min at room temperatures; the pyridine solvent was evaporated under nitrogen, and 1 ml of iso-octane was added as a solvent to dissolve the mycolic acid derivative (26,27,30).…”

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Effect of growth stage on mycolic acid structure in cell walls of Nocardia asteroides GUH-2

1988

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Mycolic acids were extracted from the cell walls of Nocardia asteroides GUH-2 during different phases of growth at 37°C. These were subjected to structural analysis by combining thin-layer chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography with UV and infrared spectrophotometry and mass spectroscopy of both methyl esters and trimethyl silyl derivatives. By analyzing the fragmentation patterns of these derivatives by three different methods of mass spectroscopy combined with gas-liquid chromatographic separation, the different structural subclasses of mycolic acids were quantitated. Significant qualitative and quantitative modifications of specific mycolic acid subclasses occurred in the cell walls of N. asteroides GUH-2 that were growth stage dependent. The mycolic acids that were predominant in the log phase were polyunsaturated (>2 double bonds per molecule), with long chain lengths and even carbon atom numbers (i.e., C54, C56). In contrast, those that were prominent in the stationary phase were more saturated (few or no double bonds) and of shorter overall carbon chain length (sC52). Furthermore, stationary-phase cells had signfficantly increased amounts of mycolic acids with odd-numbered carbon chain lengths (i.e., C49, C51, C53).Nocardia asteroides is an important pathogen in both humans and animals, causing a variety of clinical manifestations (23). Cells of N. asteroides undergo morphological, structural, and biochemical variation during growth within laboratory media (3, 5); these changes have been shown to coincide with significant alterations in host-parasite interactions in vitro as well as with the relative degree of pathogenicity for laboratory animals (2-12, 14, 15, 29).Because the cell walls of N. asteroides contain large amounts of mycolic acids, a detailed biochemical study of these components during different stages of growth is essential. Although there have been several analyses of the general structure of mycolic acids isolated from cells of N. asteroides (13,16,20,21,24,26,28,30), no information is available concerning structural changes of these compounds during well-defined stages of growth of virulent Nocardia strains. Further, the mechanisms of biosynthesis and the possible relationship of these changes to nocardial pathogenesis have not been elucidated. To study the structural relationship of mycolic acid to the stage of growth, the cell walls of N. asteroides GUH-2 were prepared during lag, log, and stationary phases. The mycolic acids were then isolated from these cell wall preparations and subjected to structural analysis. Significant changes in mycolic acid structure occured during the nocardial growth cycle.MATERIALS AND METHODS Microorganism. N. asteroides GUH-2 was originally isolated from a fatal human infection. Its growth characteristics, metabolism, pathogenicity, and host-parasite interactions have been studied extensively (4, 6-12, 14, 15, 29).Growth studies. Brain heart infusion broth (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich.) supported the growth of N. asteroides GUH-2 in a uniform ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of growth stage on mycolic acid structure in cell walls of Nocardia asteroides GUH-2

1988

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“…Cells grown on PYG medium 31) at 30 C for 72 h were used to extract and identify mycolic acids, according to the method described elsewhere. [32][33][34] In brief, packed cells were treated with KOH to release mycolic acid and then methyl esterified. The major mycolic acid methyl esters were recovered by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and treated with the TMSI-H trimethylsilylating reagent (GL Sciences, Tokyo, Japan).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Characterization of a Mycobacterial (2R,3R)-2,3-Butanediol Dehydrogenase

Takeda

Muranushi

Inagaki

et al. 2011

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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Bacterial strain B-009, capable of using racemic 1,2-propanediol (PD), was identified as a rapid-growing member of the genus Mycobacterium. The strain is phylogenetically related to M. gilvum, but has slightly different physiological characteristics. An NAD(+)-dependent enantioselective alcohol dehydrogenase, which acts on R-PD, was purified from the strain. The enzyme was a homodimer of a peptide coded by a 1047-bp gene (mbd1). A highly conserved sequence for medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductases with a preference for secondary alcohols was found in the gene. Hydroxyacetone was produced from R-PD by an enzymatic reaction, indicating that position 2 of the substrate was oxidized. The enzyme activity was highest for (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol (R,R-BD), enabling the enzyme to be identified as (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase (R,R-BD-DH). A homology search revealed M. gilvum, M. vanbaalenii, and M. semegmatis to have ORFs similar to mbd1, suggesting the widespread distribution of genes encoding R,R-BD-DH among mycobacterial strains.

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“…These types of fatty acids are now known to be widely distributed in Mycobacteria [11,13,15], Nocardia [16][17][18], Corynebacteria [12,19,20] and Correspondence should be sent to the first author. related taxa [21,22], and have been particularly useful for taxonomic purposes [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. Structural studies of the cell wail components and glycolipids containing mycolic acids were also made, and the biological activities of these substances were shown to be at least partly associated with mycolic acids [12,18,19,[32][33][34][35][36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric analysis of molecular species of bacterionemamycolic acids from Bacterionema matruchotii

Wada

1981

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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Changes in molecular species composition of nocardomycolic acids in nocardia rubra by the growth temperature

Cited by 23 publications

References 16 publications

Effect of growth stage on mycolic acid structure in cell walls of Nocardia asteroides GUH-2

Effect of growth stage on mycolic acid structure in cell walls of Nocardia asteroides GUH-2

Identification and Characterization of a Mycobacterial (2R,3R)-2,3-Butanediol Dehydrogenase

Gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric analysis of molecular species of bacterionemamycolic acids from Bacterionema matruchotii

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