Changes in mRNA expression of arcuate nucleus appetite-regulating peptides during lactation in rats

Suzuki, Yasuto; Nakahara, Keiko; Maruyama, Kouichi; Okame, Rieko; Ensho, Takuya; Inoue, Yoshiyuki; Murakami, Noboru

doi:10.1530/jme-13-0015

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…In the present study, AgRP mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated in striped hamsters raising larger litter sizes, whereas NPY, POMC and CART mRNA expression did not differ between the hamsters raising different litter sizes. This is partly consistent with the observation that in lactating rats, both NPY and AgRP are greatly elevated (Chen et al, 2004;Crowley et al, 2004;Li et al, 1999;Malabu et al, 1994;Pickavance et al, 1999;Smith, 1993;Suzuki et al, 2014), but the increase in AgRP mRNA expression during lactation is especially marked (Suzuki et al, 2014). POMC and/or CART mRNA expression significantly decreased during lactation in comparison with the non-lactation period (Brogan et al, 2000;Smith, 1993;Sorensen et al, 2002;Suzuki et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The neuroendocrine basis of hyperphagia in lactation is suggested to be triggered by hypothalamic neuropeptides, such as the orexigenic neuropeptides NPY and AgRP, and the anorexigenic neuropeptides POMC and CART (Brogan et al, 2000;Chen et al, 2004;Crowley et al, 2004;Malabu et al, 1994;Li et al, 1999;Pickavance et al, 1999;Smith, 1993;Sorensen et al, 2002;Suzuki et al, 2014). In the present study, AgRP mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated in striped hamsters raising larger litter sizes, whereas NPY, POMC and CART mRNA expression did not differ between the hamsters raising different litter sizes.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Plasticity in gastrointestinal morphology and enzyme activity in lactating striped hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis)

Zhang

Zhao

Wen

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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In small mammals, marked phenotypic plasticity of digestive physiology has been shown to make it easier for them to cope with energetically stressful periods, such as lactation. It has been proposed that the capacity of the gut to digest and absorb food is not the limiting factor to sustained energy intake (SusEI) during peak lactation. In this study, plasticity in energy intake and gastrointestinal morphology was examined in striped hamsters at different stages of reproduction and when raising litters of different sizes. Mechanisms associated with digestive enzymes and neuroendocrine hormones underpinning the plasticity were also examined. Females significantly increased energy intake, digestibility, digestive tract mass and the activity of stomach pepsin and small intestine maltase, sucrase and aminopeptidase in peak lactation compared with the non-productive and post-lactating periods. Further, females raising large litters significantly increased energy intake, digestibility, gastrointestinal mass and activity of digestive enzymes, and weaned heavier offspring compared with those nursing small and medium litters, indicating that the significant plasticity of digestive physiology increased reproductive performance. Agouti-related protein (AgRP) mRNA expression in the hypothalamus was up-regulated significantly in females raising large litters relative to those raising small litters. Serum leptin levels, and mRNA expression of hypothalamus neuropeptide Y (NPY) and the anorexigenic neuropeptides proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) did not differ among females raising small, medium and large litters. Leptin levels in lactation may only reflect a state of energy balance rather than being the prime driver of hyperphagia. Some hypothalamic neuropeptides, such as NPY, POMC and CART, may be involved in the limits to the SusEI during lactation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

Plasticity in gastrointestinal morphology and enzyme activity in lactating striped hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis)

Zhang

Zhao

Wen

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…The data suggest a signaling mechanism linking adiposity, hypothalamic neuropeptide gene expression, and intestinal growth, where the latter two changes may act to increase energy assimilation to counteract the energy loss in the adipose tissue. In fact, energy restriction, lactation, and cold exposure, each of which reduces adiposity and plasma leptin, also increased energy intake and the intestinal weight (8,30,40,46). By changing the protein to WPI, and bearing in mind the effect on the intestinal mechanisms of energy absorption and presumed energy loss, the above effects of the low sucrose were accentuated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whey protein effects on energy balance link the intestinal mechanisms of energy absorption with adiposity and hypothalamic neuropeptide gene expression

Nilaweera

Cabrera‐Rubio

Speakman

et al. 2017

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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.2016.-We tested the hypothesis that dietary whey protein isolate (WPI) affects the intestinal mechanisms related to energy absorption and that the resulting energy deficit is compensated by changes in energy balance to support growth. C57BL/6 mice were provided a diet enriched with WPI with varied sucrose content, and the impact on energy balance-related parameters was investigated. As part of a high-sucrose diet, WPI reduced the hypothalamic expression of pro-opiomelanocortin gene expression and increased energy intake. The energy expenditure was unaffected, but epididymal weight was reduced, indicating an energy loss. Notably, there was a reduction in the ileum gene expression for amino acid transporter SLC6a19, glucose transporter 2, and fatty acid transporter 4. The composition of the gut microbiota also changed, where Firmicutes were reduced. The above changes indicated reduced energy absorption through the intestine. We propose that this mobilized energy in the adipose tissue and caused hypothalamic changes that increased energy intake, acting to counteract the energy deficit arising in the intestine. Lowering the sucrose content in the WPI diet increased energy expenditure. This further reduced epididymal weight and plasma leptin, whereupon hypothalamic ghrelin gene expression and the intestinal weight were both increased. These data suggest that when the intestine-adiposehypothalamic pathway is subjected to an additional energy loss (now in the adipose tissue), compensatory changes attempt to assimilate more energy. Notably, WPI and sucrose content interact to enable the component mechanisms of this pathway. whey proteins; gut microbiota MAMMALS ACHIEVE energy homeostasis by matching energy supply (from food consumed) with the summed energy demand of body tissues. This is achieved in part by sensing nutrient (energy) availability in the intestinal lumen, where their transport through a carrier-mediated mechanism in the circulatory system causes subsequent changes in the hypothalamic-and adipose-related mechanisms regulating energy balance (16,35,41). A growing body of evidence suggests that the gut microbiota also play important roles in energy balance regulation by influencing the related intestinal and hypothalamic cellular activities (10, 32) and by harvesting energy from ingested food and then providing it for host metabolism, including storage in the adipose tissue (3). Thus, in theory, manipulation of the gut microbiota, along with the intestinal nutrient-sensing and transport-related genes, has the potential to change the intestinal, hypothalamic, and adipose control of energy balance and body weight dynamics.Whey proteins, including bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lactoferrin, are constituents of milk (19), with the bovine form having been part of the human diet since at least the Bronze Age (51). Because these proteins are now increasingly being used in infant formula, and in food products to improve muscle mass in athletes and the elderly (18), there is a need to understand the impact of their ...

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“…It has been reported that circulating leptin levels are lowered in lactating rats compared with nonlactating animals (Denis et al 2003). Moreover, lactation is associated with reduced expression of anorexigenic POMC and increased expression of orexigenic AGRP and NPY (Suzuki et al 2014). Since leptin, POMC, AGRP, and NPY affect the KP/GnIH-GnRH system, they can also modulate Rfrp and Kiss1 expression during lactation.…”

Section: Kp and Gnih Signaling In Conditions Of Altered Energy Balancmentioning

confidence: 99%

The involvement of gonadotropin inhibitory hormone and kisspeptin in the metabolic regulation of reproduction

Wahab¹,

Shahab²,

Behr³

2015

Journal of Endocrinology

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Recently, kisspeptin (KP) and gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (GnIH), two counteracting neuropeptides, have been acknowledged as significant regulators of reproductive function. KP stimulates reproduction while GnIH inhibits it. These two neuropeptides seem to be pivotal for the modulation of reproductive activity in response to internal and external cues. It is well-documented that the current metabolic status of the body is closely linked to its reproductive output. However, how reproductive function is regulated by the body's energy status is less clear. Recent studies have suggested an active participation of hypothalamic KP and GnIH in the modulation of reproductive function according to available metabolic cues. Expression of KISS1, the KP encoding gene, is decreased while expression of RFRP (NPVF), the gene encoding GnIH, is increased in metabolic deficiency conditions. The lower levels of KP, as suggested by a decrease in KISS1 gene mRNA expression, during metabolic deficiency can be corrected by administration of exogenous KP, which leads to an increase in reproductive hormone levels. Likewise, administration of RF9, a GnIH receptor antagonist, can reverse the inhibitory effect of fasting on testosterone in monkeys. Together, it is likely that the integrated function of both these hypothalamic neuropeptides works as a reproductive output regulator in response to a change in metabolic status. In this review, we have summarized literature from nonprimate and primate studies that demonstrate the involvement of KP and GnIH in the metabolic regulation of reproduction.

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Changes in mRNA expression of arcuate nucleus appetite-regulating peptides during lactation in rats

Cited by 21 publications

References 79 publications

Plasticity in gastrointestinal morphology and enzyme activity in lactating striped hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis)

Plasticity in gastrointestinal morphology and enzyme activity in lactating striped hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis)

Whey protein effects on energy balance link the intestinal mechanisms of energy absorption with adiposity and hypothalamic neuropeptide gene expression

The involvement of gonadotropin inhibitory hormone and kisspeptin in the metabolic regulation of reproduction

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