Changes in natural killer cell activity in normal pregnant and postpartum women: increases in the first trimester and postpartum period and decrease in late pregnancy

Hidaka, Yoh; Amino, Nobuyuki; Iwatani, Yoshinori; Kaneda, T; Mitsuda, Nobuaki; Morimoto, Yoshihiro; Takahashi, Osamu; Miyai, Kiyoshi

doi:10.1016/0165-0378(91)90024-k

Cited by 47 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…It has been documented that the level of endogenous cortisol levels rise in the second trimester and reach their peak in the third trimester (up to thrice the normal levels in a non-pregnant female), before falling rapidly to pre-pregnant levels after delivery [13,14]. In association with this, it is interesting to note that Soderstrom et al [15] reported an increase in HBV DNA level by mean 0.4 log copies late in pregnancy and the early post-partum period, in association with ALT elevation in 33 subjects (55 pregnancies).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in pregnancy

2008

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in pregnancy

2008

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“…This observation has stimulated much research interest in the role and influence of sex hormones on the host immune interaction with HBV. Hormonal changes during pregnancy enhance the immune clearance of HBV [29,30].…”

Section: Chb In Women and Its Effect On Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic hepatitis B in Asian women of childbearing age

Leung

2009

Hepatol Int

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious clinical problem affecting approximately 2 billion people worldwide. An estimated 350 million live with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection and are at an increased risk for serious liver sequelae and death from acute or chronic consequences of CHB infection. Individuals with CHB have a 20-30% risk of early death from complications, including liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In the Asia-Pacific region, half of the CHB burden results from vertical or mother-to-child transmission, with early childhood horizontal transmission accounting for the remaining half. Screening and vaccination are key factors in the successful prevention and control of HBV infection. Over the last 20 years, the implementation of screening programs and universal HBV vaccination for all individuals born in endemic areas have reduced the prevalence of HBV infection and HBV-related liver diseases among individuals younger than 30 years. Women of childbearing age are key stakeholders in preventing HBV infection and, as such, play a critical role in reducing the vertical and horizontal transmission of HBV. Further efforts are needed to implement screening and educational programs for women of childbearing age, particularly those with CHB, to prevent the transmission of HBV to newborns, spouses, other household members, and sexual partners. In addition, healthcare workers need to learn how to avoid iatrogenic transmission in the healthcare setting. This article reviews these issues and highlights areas in which their engagement with public health efforts serves to improve quality of life and society as a whole.

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“…A study of 111 pregnant, 126 postpartum, and 86 nonpregnant healthy women in Japan indicated that natural killer (NK) cell activity was markedly reduced by the third trimester of pregnancy but relatively high during the first trimester and the first month postpartum (347). Similarly, the Viral Immunity in Pregnancy study in New York City suggested a nadir in NK cell activity in the third trimester (346).…”

Section: Hepatitis E In Pregnancy: Maternal and Neonatal Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host Immune Status and Response to Hepatitis E Virus Infection

2014

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SUMMARY Hepatitis E virus (HEV), identified over 30 years ago, remains a serious threat to life, health, and productivity in developing countries where access to clean water is limited. Recognition that HEV also circulates as a zoonotic and food-borne pathogen in developed countries is more recent. Even without treatment, most cases of HEV-related acute viral hepatitis (with or without jaundice) resolve within 1 to 2 months. However, HEV sometimes leads to acute liver failure, chronic infection, or extrahepatic symptoms. The mechanisms of pathogenesis appear to be substantially immune mediated. This review covers the epidemiology of HEV infection worldwide, the humoral and cellular immune responses to HEV, and the persistence and protection of antibodies produced in response to both natural infection and vaccines. We focus on the contributions of altered immune states (associated with pregnancy, human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], and immunosuppressive agents used in cancer and transplant medicine) to the elevated risks of chronic infection (in immunosuppressed/immunocompromised patients) and acute liver failure and mortality (among pregnant women). We conclude by discussing outstanding questions about the immune response to HEV and interactions with hormones and comorbid conditions. These questions take on heightened importance now that a vaccine is available.

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Changes in natural killer cell activity in normal pregnant and postpartum women: increases in the first trimester and postpartum period and decrease in late pregnancy

Cited by 47 publications

References 17 publications

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in pregnancy

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in pregnancy

Chronic hepatitis B in Asian women of childbearing age

Host Immune Status and Response to Hepatitis E Virus Infection

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