Changes in needle retention associated with the spread and establishment of Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii in planted Douglas fir

Hood, I. A.; Sandberg, C. J.; Barr, C. W.; Holloway, W. A.; Bradbury, Peta

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0329.1990.tb01157.x

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…All assessed trees were defi ned as susceptible to the pathogen because of the presence of numerous fruit structures (pseudothecia) detected on needles resulting in yellowing discoloration and an increasing percentage with crown defoliation. During the recent decades, outbreaks of Swiss needle cast have occurred in both native and plantation grown P. menziesii in the Pacifi c Northwest (Hansen et al 2000;Manter et al 2005) and forest plantations in Europe, Turkey (Temel et al 2003), Australia (Marks et al 1989) and New Zealand (Hood et al 1990;Watt et al 2010). According to Hood et al (1990) no provenance is immune to the disease but the provenances from the coastal zones are slower to become infected than provenances from continental sites.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Douglas-fir provenance test in North-Western Bulgaria at the age of 24 years

2014

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A comparative analysis of growth rate and health condition of 54 Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) provenances was conducted at the age of 24 years. The provenance test was established in 1990 with 3-year-old (3+0) seedlings planted in a 2 × 2 m plot design and two replications. The provenances which were studied originated from North America and were separated into coastal, continental and Western Cascade groups. In 2011 the growth rate was studied in terms of height, diameter at breast height and stem volume. The health condition was assessed by the evidence of symptoms and degree of defoliation caused by the fungi Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii (Rohde) Petrak and Rhabdocline pseudotsugae (Syd.). The provenances Newhalem, Darrington, Idanha and Bremerton were characterized by the most rapid growth, highest productivity and lower susceptibility to both fungal pathogens. These Douglas-fir provenances were recommended for future afforestation in Bulgaria. Ten continental provenances should be excluded from future afforestation because of their lowest growth rate and productivity and high susceptibility to P. gaeumannii and R. pseudotsugae.Keywords: adaptation; Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii; provenances; Pseudotsuga menziesii; Rhabdocline pseudotsugae; tree growth Douglas-fi r (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) has been cultivated as a valuable coniferous tree species in Europe since 1827. Th e ecological and economic relevance of the species has been long paid attention all over the world due to its rapid growth and high productivity (Göhre

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Douglas-fir provenance test in North-Western Bulgaria at the age of 24 years

2014

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“…menziesii). However, others (Hood 1982;McDermott and Robinson 1989;Hood et al 1990) have reported inherent differences in incidence of P. gaeumannii infection between interior (P. menziesii var. glauca) and coastal forms of Douglas-fir.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the past 60 years, outbreaks of Swiss needle cast in forest plantations have occurred in Europe and the British Isles (Boyce 1940;Peace 1962), the north-eastern USA (Morton and Patton 1970), Turkey (Temel et al 2003), Australia (Marks et al 1982) and New Zealand (Beekhuis 1978;Hood et al 1990). The fungus does not sporulate on dead needles, is not seedborne, and Douglas-fir, including 'bigcone' Douglas-fir (P. macrocarpa) in New Zealand (Gadgil 2005), is its only host ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…gaeumannii was first found in stands of Douglas-fir in New Zealand near Taupo in 1959 (Gilmour 1966), and is now considered established throughout the country. The present distribution of P. gaeumannii in New Zealand is thought to have originated from a single initial introduction in the central North Island, from which it gradually spread throughout the country (Hood et al 1990). The fungus was first detected in the northern South Island in 1969 (Hood and Kershaw 1975), and in the southern South Island by the mid 1980s (Hood et al 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present distribution of P. gaeumannii in New Zealand is thought to have originated from a single initial introduction in the central North Island, from which it gradually spread throughout the country (Hood et al 1990). The fungus was first detected in the northern South Island in 1969 (Hood and Kershaw 1975), and in the southern South Island by the mid 1980s (Hood et al 1990). Subsequent impacts of the disease have been estimated as an overall reduction in stand volume growth of ∼20% (Knowles et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution of Swiss needle cast in New Zealand in relation to winter temperature

Stone

Hood²,

Watt³

et al. 2007

Austral. Plant Pathol.

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Abstract. Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii, the causal agent of Swiss needle cast disease, is widely distributed throughout New Zealand, where the disease may cause significant growth losses in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) plantations. In western Oregon, where the pathogen is native, pathogen abundance and disease severity are correlated with mean daily winter temperatures and spring moisture, enabling the development of climate-based disease prediction models. The distribution of P. gaeumannii and severity of Swiss needle cast was surveyed in 16 Douglas-fir plantations throughout New Zealand in 2005. Retention of foliage was assessed in the field and samples of 1-and 2-year-old needles were collected for assessment of P. gaeumannii abundance. Foliage retention and abundance of P. gaeumannii varied across sites. Less colonisation by P. gaeumannii and greater needle retention was found in the South Island. Abundance of P. gaeumannii was found to be positively correlated with August minimum temperature and June average temperature, and showed a similar relationship to winter temperature as observed in western Oregon. These data will be used to derive a disease prediction model for Swiss needle cast in New Zealand that can be used to guide further research and provide short-and long-term disease risk predictions and cost/benefit analyses.

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Comparison of photosynthetic damage from arthropod herbivory and pathogen infection in understory hardwood saplings

et al. 2006

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Arthropods and pathogens damage leaves in natural ecosystems and may reduce photosynthesis at some distance away from directly injured tissue. We quantified the indirect effects of naturally occurring biotic damage on leaf-level photosystem II operating efficiency (Phi(PSII)) of 11 understory hardwood tree species using chlorophyll fluorescence and thermal imaging. Maps of fluorescence parameters and leaf temperature were stacked for each leaf and analyzed using a multivariate method adapted from the field of quantitative remote sensing. Two tree species, Quercus velutina and Cercis canadensis, grew in plots exposed to ambient and elevated atmospheric CO(2) and were infected with Phyllosticta fungus, providing a limited opportunity to examine the potential interaction of this element of global change and biotic damage on photosynthesis. Areas surrounding damage had depressed Phi(PSII )and increased down-regulation of PSII, and there was no evidence of compensation in the remaining tissue. The depression of Phi(PSII) caused by fungal infections and galls extended >2.5 times further from the visible damage and was approximately 40% more depressed than chewing damage. Areas of depressed Phi(PSII) around fungal infections on oaks growing in elevated CO(2) were more than 5 times larger than those grown in ambient conditions, suggesting that this element of global change may influence the indirect effects of biotic damage on photosynthesis. For a single Q. velutina sapling, the area of reduced Phi(PSII) was equal to the total area directly damaged by insects and fungi. Thus, estimates based only on the direct effect of biotic agents may greatly underestimate their actual impact on photosynthesis.

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Changes in needle retention associated with the spread and establishment of Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii in planted Douglas fir

Cited by 15 publications

References 7 publications

Investigation of Douglas-fir provenance test in North-Western Bulgaria at the age of 24 years

Investigation of Douglas-fir provenance test in North-Western Bulgaria at the age of 24 years

Distribution of Swiss needle cast in New Zealand in relation to winter temperature

Comparison of photosynthetic damage from arthropod herbivory and pathogen infection in understory hardwood saplings

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