Changes in North American spring

Schwartz, Mark D.; Reiter, Bernhard E.

doi:10.1002/1097-0088(20000630)20:8<929::aid-joc557>3.0.co;2-5

Cited by 322 publications

(292 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The results here are consistent with what would be expected based on previous analyses of annual temperature trends and changes in frost days for specific regions. Results here, particularly for changes in the last-spring freeze and frost-free season length, are regionally consistent with those found by Cooter and LeDuc (1995), DeGaetano (1996), Schwartz and Reiter (2000), and Cayan et al (2001). However, the southeastern United States, which has shown a cooling trend in annual temperatures over the twentieth century in previous analyses, shows no changes in either the number of frost days or changes in the frost-free season.…”

Section: Conclusion One Of the Changes Expectedsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…These findings are consistent with a number of studies (Easterling et al 1997;Karl et al 1993) that find evidence of more warming being found in minimum (nighttime) temperatures than in maximum (daytime) temperatures. More recently, Schwartz and Reiter (2000) found phenological evidence of a move to an earlier spring in parts of North American, and Cayan et al (2001) also found a change toward earlier spring in the western United States using both phenological and streamflow data.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Changes in Frost Days and the Frost-Free Season in the United States

Easterling¹

2002

Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.

169

131

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Section: Conclusion One Of the Changes Expectedsupporting

confidence: 89%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Changes in Frost Days and the Frost-Free Season in the United States

Easterling¹

2002

Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.

169

131

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“…[24] Temporal variations in RVI control fields are compared with interannual variations in leaf-out and first day of bloom in five different data sets: the North America lilac leaf-out and lilac bloom data [Schwartz and Reiter, 2000;Schwartz and Caprio, 2003], the oak leaf-out data for Germany from the Deutscher Wetterdienst, the Marsham oak data [Sparks and Carey, 1995] from Norfolk (east England), and the Bird Cherry blossom data from Russia (http://www. biodat.ru/).…”

Section: Testing the Rvi With Phenological Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of trends in fused AVHRR and MODIS NDVI data for 1982–2006: Indication for a CO₂ fertilization effect in global vegetation

Los

2013

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

105

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[1] Recent studies report an increase in vegetation greenness in mid-to-high northern latitudes. This increase is observed in leaf-out data in Europe and North America since the 1950s and in satellite data since the 1980s. Increased vegetation greenness is potentially a factor contributing to a land CO 2 sink. Various causes for increased vegetation greenness are suggested, but their relative importance is uncertain. In the present study, the effect of climate and CO 2 fertilization on increased vegetation greenness and the land CO 2 sink are investigated. The study is organized as follows: (1) (2) Residuals between RVI and NDVI are analyzed for associations with variations in downwelling solar radiation, nitrogen deposition, satellite-related artifacts, and CO 2 fertilization. CO 2 fertilization was the only factor that improved RVI modeling. (3) The effect of climate variations and CO 2 fertilization on the land CO 2 sink, as manifested in the RVI, is explored with the Carnegie Ames Stanford Assimilation (CASA) model. Climate (temperature and precipitation) and CO 2 fertilization each explain approximately 40% of the observed global trend in NDVI for 1982-2006 . For 1901-2006, estimated trends in NDVI related to CO 2 fertilization are four to five times larger than climate-related trends. CASA simulations indicate that the CO 2 fertilization effect on vegetation greenness contributes about 0.7 Pg C per year to the recent land CO 2 sink. This is a conservative estimate and is likely larger. This effect of CO 2 fertilization would be a large component of the land carbon sink. In the supporting information the RVI is used as a common standard to fuse MODIS and advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) NDVI data. This fusion compares well with SeaWiFS data.

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“…The contiguous United States (US) phenological data were downloaded from IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology (Schwartz and Caprio 2003), including common lilac (Syringa vulgaris) first bloom dates (FBD) observed at 96 Western US stations (Cayan et al 2001), and the same events recorded for cloned Chinese lilac (Syringa chinensis) at 61 stations in the Eastern US (Schwartz and Reiter 2000). The first bloom was defined as at least half (50 %) of the flower clusters having at least one open fresh flower for the whole plant.…”

Section: Phenological and Meteorological Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical pattern in first bloom variability and its relation to temperature sensitivity in the USA and China

Wang

Dai

et al. 2014

Int J Biometeorol

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Advance in spring plant phenology over the last several decades has been found in all continents of the Northern Hemisphere. Compared to the studies detecting phenological trends, the studies investigating the geographical pattern of phenological variability (including mean date and magnitude of variability) are rather limited. In this study, we analyzed spatial pattern of mean date and standard deviation (SD) of first bloom date (FBD) time series (≥15 years) for black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) at 22 stations in China, common lilac (Syringa vulgaris) at 79 stations in the Western US and Chinese lilac (Syringa chinensis) at 45 stations in the Eastern US. Subsequently, the impact of geographical factors (latitude, longitude, and altitude) on the mean date and SD was quantified by using the multiple regression analysis method. Meanwhile, the relationship between FBD variability and temperature sensitivity of FBD was examined. Results showed that the mean FBD highly depended on geographical factors for all the three species. Compared to the mean date, the dependence of SD of FBD time series on geographical factors was weaker. The geographical factors could only explain 13 to 31 % of spatial variance in SD of FBD. The negative regression coefficients of latitude (P < 0.05 except black locust) indicated that FBD is more variable at lower latitude. At most of stations, significant and negative correlations between FBD and preseason temperature on interannual scale were found, but the temperature sensitivity varied among different stations. The magnitude of temperature sensitivity decreased with increasing latitude. In general, the locations at lower latitude had earlier and more variable spring phenophase and showed stronger phenological response to climate change than the locations at higher latitude.

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Changes in North American spring

Cited by 322 publications

References 13 publications

Recent Changes in Frost Days and the Frost-Free Season in the United States

Recent Changes in Frost Days and the Frost-Free Season in the United States

Analysis of trends in fused AVHRR and MODIS NDVI data for 1982–2006: Indication for a CO₂ fertilization effect in global vegetation

Geographical pattern in first bloom variability and its relation to temperature sensitivity in the USA and China

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Changes in North American spring

Cited by 322 publications

References 13 publications

Recent Changes in Frost Days and the Frost-Free Season in the United States

Recent Changes in Frost Days and the Frost-Free Season in the United States

Analysis of trends in fused AVHRR and MODIS NDVI data for 1982–2006: Indication for a CO2 fertilization effect in global vegetation

Geographical pattern in first bloom variability and its relation to temperature sensitivity in the USA and China

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Analysis of trends in fused AVHRR and MODIS NDVI data for 1982–2006: Indication for a CO₂ fertilization effect in global vegetation