Changes in Ocular Refraction and Its Components Among Medical Students???A 5-Year Longitudinal Study

Biometric changes in the eyes of Norwegian university students ‐ A three‐year longitudinal study

“…The results of the present study are consistent with other studies in the sense that groups exposed to high educational demands show an increase in prevalence of myopia (Dunphey et al 1968;Zadnik & Mutti 1987;Lin et al 1996). It also verified the findings from comparable studies among students where elongation of the vitreous chamber was the main structural change giving a significant dioptric effect in the myopic direction (Grosvenor & Scott 1993;Lin et al 1996).…”

“…These conclusions regarding lenticular and corneal curvature effect on development of adult-onset or adult-progression of myopia are consistent with those reached by others, and based on both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies (McBrien & Millodot 1987;Grosvenor & Scott 1991, 1993Fledelius 1995;Lin et al 1996;McBrien & Adams 1997).…”

“…It also verified the findings from comparable studies among students where elongation of the vitreous chamber was the main structural change giving a significant dioptric effect in the myopic direction (Grosvenor & Scott 1993;Lin et al 1996). Recently, similar observation was made in a group of clinical microscopists with a median age of 30 years (McBrien & Adams 1997).…”

“…Investigating possible environmental factors, several studies have demonstrated a relationship between myopia and nearwork. The attention has particularly been directed towards young adults with demanding educational tasks (Shulkin & Bari 1986;Zadnik & Mutti 1987;Midelfart et al 1992;Lin et al 1996; Accepted for publication inActa Ophthalmol Scand). Regarding the growth of the eye and factors influencing it, the understanding is still limited and inadequate (Goldschmidt 1995).…”

“…Recent reports have, however, shown an axial origin for adult-myopia and suggested that the eye has a potential for resuming growth (McBrien & Millodot 1987;Fledelius 1995;Simensen & Thorud 1994). Results of longitudinal studies have shown that a refractive change in myopic direction among adults can be explained by a vitreous chamber elongation (Grosvenor & Scott 1993;Lin et al 1996;McBrien & Adams 1997). University students represent a group of special interest regarding myopia and oculometric changes because of a possible risk of developing adult-onset myopia or adult-progression of myopia following their education (Shulkin & Bari 1986).…”