“…Our study was carried out in May, therefore the stations in correspondence of the Otranto Channel were possibly interested by relevant hydrodynamic exchanges that promoted the dragging and accumulation of higher concentration of polychaetes. It was reported that the geographical location of holoplanktonic polychaetes can be correlated to productivity and main water masses 14,77,78 , showing assemblages in areas of high primary and secondary production 66,79–84 . All the species found in the present study (except Pedinosoma curtum that represents only the 0.06% of polychaete community) were more abundant in the upper 200 m, and the main part (nineteen of twenty-two species) in the upper 100 m. As already reported, holoplanktonic polychaete species are distributed in the epipelagic region of the water column 5,8,9,71,85,86 , most probably because this layer is characterized by a large supply of food, with highest concentration of phytoplankton, microzooplankton and copepods 87,88 .…”