Changes in physical activity and sedentary time during adolescence: Gender differences during weekdays and weekend days

Kallio, Jouni; Hakonen, Harto; Syväoja, Heidi; Kulmala, Janne; Kankaanpää, Anna; Ekelund, Ulf; Tammelin, Tuija

doi:10.1111/sms.13668

Cited by 57 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(97 reference statements)

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“…Examination of the participation data by gender, in both school and community sport settings, suggests that the gender gap, where males were more likely than females to participate at least once per week, emerged in adolescence in both settings. Age-related decline for both males and females was evident and consistent with other cohort studies [ 22 , 44 , 59 ]. Overall, school and community sport participation are consistently lower for Northern Irish children than their Irish [ 29 ], UK [ 60 ] and international counterparts [ 61 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Physical Activity, Sport and Physical Education in Northern Ireland School Children: A Cross-Sectional Study

Connolly

Carlin

Johnston

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Internationally, insufficient physical activity (PA) is a major health concern. Children in Northern Ireland (NI) are recorded as having the lowest levels of PA in the United Kingdom (UK). To date, validated and representative data on the PA levels of NI school children are limited. The aim of this study was to provide surveillance data on self-reported PA, sport and physical education (PE) participation of school children in NI. Differences between genders and factors associated with PA were also examined. A representative sample of primary (n = 446) and post-primary (n = 1508) children was surveyed in school using validated self-report measures. Findings suggest that PA levels are low, with a minority of children (13%) meeting the PA guidelines (primary pupils 20%, post-primary pupils 11%). NI school children have lower levels of PA, PE and sports participation than UK and European peers. A trend of age-related decline across all the domains of PA was apparent. The data presented highlighted that females are less likely to achieve PA guidelines, children from lower socio-economic background participate in school and community sport less often, and that enjoyment and social support are important variables in PA adherence. Policy solutions that would support implementation e.g., mandatory minimum PE time, whole school approaches to PA promotion and targeted investment in schools, particularly in areas of deprivation and for females, are suggested.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Physical Activity, Sport and Physical Education in Northern Ireland School Children: A Cross-Sectional Study

Connolly

Carlin

Johnston

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…Farooq et al [47], in agreement with most of the recent studies on physical activity (PA), reported that the decline in PA begins around the time of school entry and continues through adolescence. It is also well documented that insu cient childhood PA track from adolescence into adulthood [48]. Even if the present data regarded the declared extracurricular sport practice, the results are encouraging.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Body Image Perception and Body Composition in Early Adolescents: A Longitudinal Study of an Italian Cohort

Toselli¹,

Grigoletto²,

Zaccagni

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Adolescence is a period of life in which students face physical and psychological changes that can destabilise them, and that is characterised by specific health and developmental needs and rights. The aim of this study was to evaluate the longitudinal association between anthropometric, weight status, body composition changes, and body image perception, keeping into account sex and maturity differences in adolescents. Methods: A sample of 134 children (64 males and 70 females) attending secondary school in the Emilia Romagna region (northern Italy) have been followed longitudinally for three consecutive years. Sports practice was assessed by questionnaire, and maturity status was detected. Anthropometric measurements, body composition, and body image perception were carried out. The discrepancy between the actual figure and the ideal figure was used to determine the degree of body image dissatisfaction, while improper perception of weight status was evaluated by means of Feel weight status minus Actual weight status Inconsistency (FAI).Results: A high percentage of the sample (about 90% in both sexes) practiced sport during the three years. In males, since they were approaching the PHV, leg length growth was prevalent. In females, height increment was lower than the one observed in males, such as the sitting height increment was higher than that of leg length. Connected with sexual dimorphism is also the trend of skinfold thicknesses, which generally showed a decrease in males and increase in females during the three years. Percentage of body fat followed the same trend. In both sex, body image perception did not show significant variations with age, and FAI score indicated no inconsistency in weight status perception. A difference in the perception of body image was observed in subjects of different weight status categories in each class. Conclusions: As demonstrated by the present study, the body image perception did not seem to change with age, but associations were found between body image perception and weight status. Monitoring perception in young adolescents, as well as taking into account their maturity and weight status is a priority to prevent nutritional disorders.

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“…Interesting, though, other studies previously conducted in Danish children have indicated that gender differences in PA levels might be more noticeable during the weekdays as compared to the weekends [36,37]. Also, a recent study conducted in Finish adolescents indicates a more marked increase in sedentary behavior in boys compared to girls during adolescence, especially during the weekend days [38]. Therefore, we hypothesize, that the differences which were observed between boys and girls in our study regarding variations in markers of cardiometabolic health might be due to sex-specific patterns in health-related behaviors especially evident at certain days of the weeks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Weekly variation in markers of cardiometabolic health – the possible effect of weekend behavior – a cross-sectional study

Hansen

Pedersen

Tarp

et al. 2020

BMC Cardiovasc Disord

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Background Adolescents’ health-related behavior varies from weekday to weekend. Only few studies, however, have examined to which degree such variation will affect markers of cardiometabolic health. Therefore, the primary aim of this study is to examine if markers of cardiometabolic health differ between different days of the week in adolescents. Methods This cross-sectional school-based study included up to 581 participants, 11–17 years old. Markers of metabolic health were insulin, glucose, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and blood pressure. Linear mixed regression modelling was used to examine the cardiometabolic profile across weekdays. Results Significant declining trends were observed across the week in adolescents’ levels of cardiometabolic health markers. Lower levels of insulin (16.1%), glucose (2.6%) and triglyceride (24.7%) were observed on Fridays compared to Mondays (p ≤ 0.006). Gradual improvement in measurement profiles across weekdays was less apparent for HDL-C, LDL-C, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure (P ≥ 0.06). Analyses stratified by sex suggested a more noticeable pattern of gradual improvement across weekdays in boys than in girls. Conclusion Significantly lower levels of insulin, glucose and triglyceride were observed in adolescents on Fridays compared to Mondays. However, when sex specific analyses were performed significant profile variations were only observed across the week in boys. More research is needed to better understand which behavioral factors in particular seem to influence weekly variation in markers of cardiometabolic health - especially since such variation potentially will have an impact on how assessments of markers of cardiometabolic health optimally should be planned, standardized and carried out, both in research and in medical practice.

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Changes in physical activity and sedentary time during adolescence: Gender differences during weekdays and weekend days

Cited by 57 publications

References 40 publications

Physical Activity, Sport and Physical Education in Northern Ireland School Children: A Cross-Sectional Study

Physical Activity, Sport and Physical Education in Northern Ireland School Children: A Cross-Sectional Study

Body Image Perception and Body Composition in Early Adolescents: A Longitudinal Study of an Italian Cohort

Weekly variation in markers of cardiometabolic health – the possible effect of weekend behavior – a cross-sectional study

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