Changes in Pig Cervical Mucus in Relation to the Oestrous Cycle

Haynes, N. B.

doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0270211

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Multiple studies were conducted to characterize changes in vaginal cell types, glucose content of secretions, pH and cervical mucus viscosity and crystallization patterns during the oestrous cycle. The results were not consistent with lordosis and vulvar swelling, similar to a previous report (Haynes 1971), so these studies were discontinued. In addition, a Walsmeta (Walls Meat Company, Ltd, London, England) was tested, but results were variable as also reported by Johnson et al.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 45%

Within‐herd Use of Boar Semen at 5°C, with a Note on Electronic Monitoring of Oestrus

Foote

2002

Reprod Domestic Animals

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A system was designed to allow a small swine farm in a northern latitude to use its own boars for artificial insemination (AI) conveniently. Semen was collected twice weekly for 3 day use (days 0, 1 and 2), extended in an egg yolk extender and stored at 5 degrees C. Farm personnel were trained to manage the entire AI programme. For simplicity all semen collected was used for insemination. In the first test 47 gilts and 15 sows were inseminated with semen from four boars. One boar was subfertile with a farrowing rate of 36%. The averages for the other boars ranged from 71 to 100%. Then semen was collected from seven boars and all was used to inseminate 70 gilts and 55 sows with 3 x 10(9) or more sperm. Overall 63% farrowed an average of 10.1 piglets per litter. Litter size for sows was 1.5 piglets larger than for gilts. There was no difference in farrowing rate when more than 3 x 10(9) sperm were inseminated. The feasibility of initiating a complete AI programme within a small herd using herd boars was established. However, selection of the boars, use of only high quality semen, and experience with detecting oestrus was required to increase the farrowing rate. The use of various agents to protect sperm against cold shock below 15 degrees C is worthy of further investigation. A new type of electronic probe, which measures the conductivity of cervical mucus, could be helpful if a boar is not available for conventional detection of oestrus.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 45%

Within‐herd Use of Boar Semen at 5°C, with a Note on Electronic Monitoring of Oestrus

Foote

2002

Reprod Domestic Animals

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“…There are cyclical changes in the sodium and potassium salts of genital mucus during the oestrous cycle, which are enhanced before ovulation time (Haynes 1971). In this moment, arborisation type A was the pattern predominant in the samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystallisation pattern of vestibular mucus and its relation to vestibular electrical resistance in cycling sow

et al. 2012

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Changes in the genital mucus around the oestrus are used by different diagnostic methods to determine optimal fertilisation time. In the current study, the authors evaluated the different arborisation patterns found in vestibular mucus, and also established its relationship with vestibular resistance changes during oestrus. Thirty multiparous sows were checked by transrectal ultrasonography to determine ovulation time every 12 hours. Vestibular resistance was measured with a commercial resistance probe, and vestibular mucus ferning was also evaluated every 12 hours during the oestrus. Significant changes (P < 0.05) in vestibular resistance were detected, registering high variation among individuals. Maximum resistance data was reached between 12 and 24 hours after ovulation time in 83 per cent of the sows. Crystallisation samples were classified into three different patterns according to the fern-like crystal degree. Arborisation peak occurred from 48 to 36 hours before the moment of ovulation, when vestibular resistance values increased gradually. In the optimal insemination moment, vestibular resistance increased significantly (P < 0.05) and vestibular mucus showed a low crystallisation pattern (P < 0.05). Combining several methods to measure genital mucus changes may predict the ovulation time and the best insemination moment.

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“…Following vaginal mucus digestion using the protocol of Uddin et al. (2016), the concentration of potassium and sodium was evaluated using flame photometer and compared with the appropriate standards (Haynes, 1971).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of vaginal mucus parameters: Development of models for staging the oestrous cycle of the Bunaji cow

Agbugba

Oyewunmi

Ogundumade

et al. 2020

Reprod Domestic Animals

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Changes in some vaginal mucus parameters were studied in order to generate predictive models capable of enhancing oestrous cycle staging, using equal groups (unsynchronized‐USC [no treatment] and synchronized‐SC [Synchromate® i/m on d0, d11]) of Bunaji cows (n = 48) aged 3–4 years. Vaginal mucus was collected (starting d11 in SC) daily over 26 days using standard procedures. Physical (viscosity, elasticity, density, resistivity) and biochemical (pH, glucose, cholesterol, total protein, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium) parameters were evaluated using standard procedures. Data were analysed using chi‐square and multinomial logit regression modelling. Models generated using oestrus as reference categories were ascertained for accuracies. Chi‐square values for viscosity, elasticity and density were significant (p < .01) in USC and SC across stages of the cycle. Results for USC showed that pH and cholesterol were predictive (p < .01) for pro‐oestrus, metoestrus and dioestrus, while total protein was predictive (p < .01) for dioestrus only. Similarly, magnesium was predictive (p < .05) for pro‐oestrus. For SC, pH, magnesium and cholesterol were predictive (p < .01) for pro‐oestrus, metoestrus and dioestrus, while total protein was predictive (p < .01) for pro‐oestrus and dioestrus. Potassium and total protein were also predictive for metoestrus at 10% and 5% significance levels, respectively. Though findings suggest the usefulness of magnesium in staging the oestrous cycle only in synchronized cows, pH, total protein and cholesterol appeared to be the more important vaginal mucus parameters in Bunaji cows, regardless synchronization. Furthermore, the models developed showed high accuracy levels for staging the oestrous cycle in USC (100%) and SC (89%).

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Changes in Pig Cervical Mucus in Relation to the Oestrous Cycle

Cited by 12 publications

References 15 publications

Within‐herd Use of Boar Semen at 5°C, with a Note on Electronic Monitoring of Oestrus

Within‐herd Use of Boar Semen at 5°C, with a Note on Electronic Monitoring of Oestrus

Crystallisation pattern of vestibular mucus and its relation to vestibular electrical resistance in cycling sow

Investigation of vaginal mucus parameters: Development of models for staging the oestrous cycle of the Bunaji cow

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