Changes in plasma levels of endocrine hormones in lepromatous leprosy patients

Dabi, Yosef Tsegaye; Degechisa, Sisay Teka; Bobosha, Kidist; Wassie, Liya

doi:10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.12.002

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Despite the lack of published data indicating leptin/its receptor deficiency in LL patients, our unpublished data suggested that plasma leptin level in LL patients was significantly lower than in healthy controls. 24 In line with this, a meta-analysis of 12 case-control studies 25 and a recent study by Tsegaye et al 26 found significantly decreased plasma levels of leptin among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis , an intracellular bacterium with similar characteristics to the etiology of leprosy. Additionally, as the percentage of leptin in the blood to fat mass is proportionate, hypoleptinaemia is often linked to lower body fat from nutritional insufficiency.…”

Section: How Leptin Modulates the Divergence Of CMI Response In Tuber...mentioning

confidence: 74%

Leptin Deficiency May Influence the Divergence of Cell-Mediated Immunity Between Lepromatous and Tuberculoid Leprosy Patients

Degechisa¹,

Dabi²

2022

JIR

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Leprosy is a disease caused by an intracellular bacillus bacterium called Mycobacterium leprae which lives and multiplies in the hosts’ macrophages and Schwann cells. Depending on the degree of the host’s cell-mediated immunity (CMI) response to the bacilli, the disease manifests itself in five clinical spectra ranging from polar tuberculoid (TT) to polar lepromatous leprosy (LL). A very high level of T helper 1 (Th1) driven bacilli-specific CMI is seen in the TT form, whereas this response is essentially nonexistent in the LL form. As a result, there is very low or absent bacillary load and localized nodular lesions in TT patients. On the contrary, LL patients presented with high bacillary load and generalized lesions due to low CMI response. The mechanism underlying this divergence of CMI response is not clearly elucidated yet. However, mounting evidence links it to an elevated number of Th1 and Th17 suppressing CD4 + CD25 + FOXP3 + T regulatory cells (Treg cells) which are abundantly found in LL than in TT patients. The predominance of these cells in LL patients is partly attributed to a deficiency of leptin, the cytokine-like peptide hormone, in these patients. Becausea normal level of leptin promotes the proliferation and preferential differentiation of effector T cells (Th1 and Th17) while inhibiting the growth and functional responsiveness of the Treg cells. In contrast, leptin deficiency or neutralization was reported to exert the opposite effect on Treg cells and effector T cells. Other smaller subsets of lymphocytes such as gamma delta (γδ) T cells and B regulatory cells are also modulated by leptin level in the pathogenesis of leprosy. Leptin may therefore regulate the divergence of CMI between TT and LL patients by regulating the homeostasis of effector T cells and Treg cells, and this review will examine the underlying mechanism for this.

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Section: How Leptin Modulates the Divergence Of CMI Response In Tuber...mentioning

confidence: 74%

Leptin Deficiency May Influence the Divergence of Cell-Mediated Immunity Between Lepromatous and Tuberculoid Leprosy Patients

Degechisa¹,

Dabi²

2022

JIR

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“…This sexual bias could also be influenced by the hormonal dependence of M. leprae, or by hormonal imbalances during the disease (Rée et al, 1981). In fact, individuals with the LL form of leprosy often present alterations in various endocrine and sexual hormones, which could be related to the disease's progression (Dabi et al, 2023). Therefore, the crosstalk between sex hormones and immune effectors emerges as one of the main candidate drivers of gender differences in infectious disease susceptibility, as previously reported (Guerra-Silveira and Abad-Franch, 2013).…”

Section: Sex Bias In Leprosymentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNA biomarkers in leprosy: insights from the Northern Brazilian Amazon population and their implications in disease immune-physiopathology

Cáceres-Durán,

Pinto,

Magalhães

et al. 2024

Front. Genet.

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Leprosy, or Hansen’s Disease, is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae that affects millions of people worldwide. Despite persistent efforts to combat it leprosy remains a significant public health concern particularly in developing countries. The underlying pathophysiology of the disease is not yet fully understood hindering the development of effective treatment strategies. However, recent studies have shed light on the potential role of microRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNA molecules that can regulate gene expression, as promising biomarkers in various disease, including leprosy. This study aimed to validate a set of nine circulating miRNAs to propose new biomarkers for early diagnosis of the disease. Hsa-miR-16-5p, hsa-miR-106b-5p, hsa-miR-1291, hsa-miR-144-5p, and hsa-miR-20a-5p showed significant differential expression between non-leprosy group (non-LP) and leprosy group (LP), accurately discriminating between them (AUC > 0.75). In addition, our study revealed gender-based differences in miRNA expression in LP. Notably, hsa-miR-1291 showed higher expression in male LP, suggesting its potential as a male-specific biomarker. Similarly, hsa-miR-16-5p and hsa-miR-20a-5p displayed elevated expression in female LP, indicating their potential as female-specific biomarkers. Additionally, several studied miRNAs are involved in the dysregulation of apoptosis, autophagy, mitophagy, cell cycle, and immune system in leprosy. In conclusion, the validation of miRNA expression highlights several miRNAs as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and provides new insights into the pathogenesis of the disease.

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High-Resolution Plasma Metabolomics Identifies Alterations in Fatty Acid, Energy, and Micronutrient Metabolism in Adults Across the Leprosy Spectrum

Fairley,

Ferreira,

Fraga

et al. 2023

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Background High resolution metabolomics (HRM) is an innovative tool to study challenging infectious diseases like leprosy, where the pathogen cannot be grown with standard methods. Here, we use HRM to better understand associations between disease manifestations, nutrition, and host metabolism. Methods From 2018-2019, adults with leprosy and controls were recruited in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Plasma metabolites were detected using an established HRM workflow and characterized by accurate mass m/z and retention time. The mummichog informatics package compared metabolic pathways between cases and controls and between multibacillary (MB) and paucibacillary (PB) leprosy. Additionally, select individual metabolites were quantified and compared. Results Thirty-nine cases (62% MB and 38% PB) and 25 controls were enrolled. We found differences (p<0.05) in several metabolic pathways, including fatty acid metabolism, carnitine shuttle, retinol, vitamin D3, and C-21 steroid metabolism between cases and controls with lower retinol and associated metabolites in cases. Between MB and PB, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, tryptophan, and cortisol were all found to be lower in MB (p<0.05). Discussion Metabolites associated with several nutrient-related metabolic pathways appeared differentially regulated in leprosy, especially MB vs PB. This pilot study demonstrates the metabolic interdependency of these pathways, which may play a role in the pathophysiology of disease.

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Changes in plasma levels of endocrine hormones in lepromatous leprosy patients

Cited by 3 publications

References 29 publications

Leptin Deficiency May Influence the Divergence of Cell-Mediated Immunity Between Lepromatous and Tuberculoid Leprosy Patients

Leptin Deficiency May Influence the Divergence of Cell-Mediated Immunity Between Lepromatous and Tuberculoid Leprosy Patients

MicroRNA biomarkers in leprosy: insights from the Northern Brazilian Amazon population and their implications in disease immune-physiopathology

High-Resolution Plasma Metabolomics Identifies Alterations in Fatty Acid, Energy, and Micronutrient Metabolism in Adults Across the Leprosy Spectrum

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