Changes in polyamine concentration during seed germination

Villanueva, Victor R.; Adlakha, Ramesh C.; Cantera-Soler, A.M.

doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(00)94565-5

Cited by 64 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Some correlation exists between polyamine synthesis and the growth of soybean seedlings (shown here) as demonstrated in young seedlings of other plant species (1, 2,15,19). In this study, the Cad, Put, and Spd content in the embryonic axis of soybean seeds increases as the growth of axes progress, and the increases are maintained at maximum rates during the early linear phase of growth of the axes.…”

Section: Time Of Germination (Days)supporting

confidence: 67%

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Polyamine Anabolism in Germinating Glycine max (L.) Seeds

Lin

1984

Plant Physiol.

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ABSTRACIActive polyamine biosynthesis occurs in the embryonic axis, but not in the cotyledons, during germination of Glyciac max (L.) further elucidated. To understand the potential roles of polyamines in cellular metabolism, it is necesary to clarify whether changes in the content of polyamines in general or a specific polyamine is causally linked to, or merely a consequence of, plant growth and development. In this study, polyamine levels and complexities were determined in the cotyledon, hypocotyl hook, hypocotyl, and radicle of soybean (Glycine mnax L. Merr.) cv Williams during and after seed germination. Experiments were also carried out to characterize Cad biosynthesis in the embryonic axis during seed germination and growth ofthe young seedling. MATERIAIS AND METHODS Plant Material. Seeds of the soybean (Glycine max L. Menf.) cv Williams harvested in 1982 from Spindletop ExperimentalFarm of the University of Kentucky were used in this study. Unless otherwise noted, seeds were allowed to germinate at 23°C in the dark on water-moistened Anchor seed germination paper (Anchor Paper Co., St. Paul, MN). Samples were taken at intervals throughout germination and the cotyledons and germinated embryonic axes were manually separated. Unless otherwise stated, each of the embryonic axes was divided into three parts (radicle, hypocotyl, and hypocotyl hook) for determination of fresh weight, dry weight, and polyamine content. The axes could be clearly divided into the above three distinguishable parts by 2 d after the seeds were placed on the water-moistened germination paper. The axes from dry seed or seed that had been on the germination paper for up to 1.5 d were divided by length with one-quarter the length from the apex desgnated as the radicle, the following one-quarter length as the hypocotyl, and the remaining part as the hypocotyl hook. The separation of the hypocotyl hook from the hypocotyl is based on the observation that the hypocotyl hook portion turns greenish in color within hours after exposure to light ofdetached embryonic axes cultured in a nutrient agar medium (20). The hook portion in darkgerminated seedlings is yellowish in color.Analysis of Polyamine Content. Routinely, the fresh tissue derived from 30 embryonic axes (300-800 mg fresh weight) per assay was homogenized in 5 ml ofcold 5% HC104 with a Polytron tissue homogenizer. Polyamines in the acid-soluble and -insoluble fractions were qualitatively and quantitatively determined by a HPLC system as described previously (10). In some experiments, 5 to 15 seedlings (after 3 d of imbibition) were used per assay and the seedlings were homogenized as described. Authentic polyamines were used for calibration of polyamine content in the extracts.

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Section: Time Of Germination (Days)supporting

confidence: 67%

“…Changes in the polyamine content or the activities of enzymes involved in Put biosynthesis have been demonstrated in a variety of plant species during early stages of seed germination or subsequent seedling growth (1, 2, 14,17,19). Though some of the changes are somehow correlated with the metabolism of macromolecules (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyamine Anabolism in Germinating Glycine max (L.) Seeds

Lin

1984

Plant Physiol.

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“…PAs are activator of protein synthesis occurring early phase of germination (Villanueva et al 1978;Anguillesi et al 1982).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of putrescine and difluoromethylornithine on cell division activity of wheat in different ploidy level

2005

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-Effects of exogenous putrescine (Put) and difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) on seed germination, root growth, mitotic activity and mitotic chromosome behavior were investigated in Triticum monococcum (2x), Triticum durum (4x) and Triticum aestivum (6x). Put and DFMO affected all three species, but diploid species was the most affected one in respect to seed germination, mitotic index and the occurrence of abnormality than the others. Reduction of the root growth in Put and DFMO treated samples was due to the reduction of mitotic activity in three species used in this research.

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“…Both the activity of PA biosynthetic enzymes and PA titer have been reported to increase dramatically during rapid growth in many plant systems, such as germinating seeds of Zea, Pisum, Triticum, and Tragopogon (30), developing seedlings of Phaseolus (4) and Lathyrus (21, 22), ovaries of tomato, and rapidly dividing tobacco cells in suspension culture (12), during crown gall-tumor development (6) and embryogenesis of carrot suspension cells (18,19). Although little is known about the activities of PA biosynthetic enzymes in dormant tissues such as tubers and senescencing plant parts, contents of PA in these systems are extremely low (1,26).…”

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Relation of Polyamine Biosynthesis to the Initiation of Sprouting in Potato Tubers

Kaur‐Sawhney¹,

Shih²,

Galston³

1982

Plant Physiol.

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The polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine and their biosynthetic enzymes arginine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase and Sadenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase are present in all parts of dormant potato (Solamm tuberosum L.) tubers. They are equally distributed among the buds of apical and lateral regions and in nonbud tissues. However, the breaking of dormancy and initiation of sprouting in the apical bud region are accompanied by a rapid increase in ornithine decarboxylase and Sadenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase activities, as well as by higher levels of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine in the apical buds. In contrast, the polyamine biosynthetic enzyme activities and titer remain practically unchanged in the dormant lateral buds and in the nonbud tissues. The rapid rise in ornithine decarboxylase, but not arginine decarboxylase activity, with initiation of sprouting suggests that ornithine decarboxylase is the rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis. The low level of polyamine synthesis during dormancy and its dramatic increase in buds in the apical region at break of dormancy suggest that polyamine synthesis is linked to sprouting, perhaps causally.The PA,2 Put, Spd, and Spm are present throughout the microbial, animal, and plant worlds (3, 7). In microbial and plant cells, Put is derived either from arginine via ADC and the intermediate Agm, or from ornithine by ODC. In mammalian cells, Put synthesis occurs only by the latter pathway. The Put thus formed is converted successively to Spd and Spm through propylamino group transfer from SAM mediated by SAMDC in all the above types of cells (3, 11). These amines have been implicated in several important processes involved in-cell growth and development, especially those involving nucleic acids (3,7,11,27 (2,10,14,15). PA appear to inhibit senescence by preventing Chl, protein, and RNA breakdown in leaves (16) and by increasing macromolecular synthesis and mitotic activity in protoplasts (15). The antisenescence properties of PA and their correlation with cell proliferation and differentiation lend support to the contention that they act as growth factors (3,5,11). Despite these observations, the relative roles of individual PA biosynthetic enzymes in dormant and actively dividing plant tissues is not well understood. We have, therefore, examined the activities of ADC, ODC, and SAMDC and the endogenous levels of Put, Spd, and Spm in dormant and actively growing tissues of potato tubers.MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant Materials. Idaho Russet baking potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) (U.S. No. 1) were purchased from the local supermarket. The tubers were firm, with no sign of sprouting, and were therefore regarded as dormant. Medium-size tubers were selected and allowed to sprout by storing them in the dark at room temperature for about 2 months. Samples of tissue were taken from dormant, initial, and advanced (profuse) sprouted tubers. Three areas from the same tuber showing different sprouting activity were selected for sampling ( Fig. 1...

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Changes in polyamine concentration during seed germination

Cited by 64 publications

References 16 publications

Polyamine Anabolism in Germinating Glycine max (L.) Seeds

Polyamine Anabolism in Germinating Glycine max (L.) Seeds

The effect of putrescine and difluoromethylornithine on cell division activity of wheat in different ploidy level

Relation of Polyamine Biosynthesis to the Initiation of Sprouting in Potato Tubers

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