Changes in polyamine contents during development and germination of rice seeds

Sen, Kalyani; Choudhuri, M.M.; Ghosh, Bidyut

doi:10.1016/0031-9422(81)85147-3

Cited by 38 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Application of ethylene inhibitors improved dry matter partitioning and development of laterflowered spikelets on rice panicles (Mohapatra et al 2000). In contrast to ethylene, high levels of free PAs, spermidine (Spd, 3-amine), and spermine (Spm, 4-amine), but not putrescine (Put, diamine), are observed to be closely associated with higher kernel set and better seed development in maize (Sen et al 1981;Lin et al 1984;Feng et al 2011) and a greater grain filling rate in rice (Yang et al 2008). These observations imply that both ethylene and PAs play regulatory roles in grain filling of cereals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Polyamine and ethylene interactions in grain filling of superior and inferior spikelets of rice

Wang

Jing-chao

et al. 2011

Plant Growth Regul

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This study was to test the hypothesis that polyamines (PAs) and ethylene and their interactions may be involved in mediating the post-anthesis development of spikelets in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Six rice cultivars differing in grain filling rate were field-grown, and the changing patterns of PAs and ethylene levels in rice spikelets during the filling and their relations with grain filling rates were investigated. The results showed that inferior spikelets had much greater ethylene evolution rate and 1-aminocylopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) concentration than superior spikelets. Opposite to ethylene production, superior spikelets showed much higher freespermidine (Spd) and free-spermine (Spm) concentrations than inferior spikelets. Grain filling rate was very significantly and negatively correlated with ethylene evolution rate and ACC concentration, whereas positively correlated with free-Spd and free-Spm concentrations and with the ratio of free-Spd or free-Spm to ACC. Application of Spd, Spm, or aminoethoxyvinylglycine (an inhibitor of ethylene synthesis by inhibiting ACC synthesis) to panicles at the early grain filling stage significantly reduced ethylene evolution rate and ACC concentration, while significantly increased Spd and Spm concentrations, grain filling rate and grain weight of inferior spikelets. Application of ACC, ethephon (an ethylene-releasing agent), or methylglyoxal-bis (guanylhydrazone) (an inhibitor of Spd and Spm synthesis) showed the opposite effects. The results suggest that antagonistic interactions between PAs (Spd and Spm) and ethylene may be involved in mediating grain filling. A higher ratio of free-Spd or free-Spm to ethylene in rice spikelets could enhance grain filling.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Polyamine and ethylene interactions in grain filling of superior and inferior spikelets of rice

Wang

Jing-chao

et al. 2011

Plant Growth Regul

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“…High levels of free PAs were detected during rice and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Meer.] seed development (Sen et al 1981;Lin et al 1984). There are reports that PA anabolism and catabolism correlated with age, cell division/expansion, and differentiation in the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plant organs (Paschalidis and Roubelakis-Angelakis 2005a, b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Involvement of polyamines in the post-anthesis development of inferior and superior spikelets in rice

Yang

Cao

Zhang

et al. 2008

Planta

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Early-flowered superior spikelets usually exhibit a faster grain filling rate and heavier grain weight than late-flowered inferior spikelets in rice (Oryza sativa L.). But the intrinsic factors responsible for the variations between the two types of spikelets are unclear. This study investigated whether and how polyamines (PAs) are involved in regulating post-anthesis development of rice spikelets. Six rice genotypes differing in grain filling rate were field grown, and PA levels and activities of the enzymes involved in PA biosynthesis were measured in both superior and inferior spikelets. The results showed that superior spikelets exhibited higher levels of free spermidine (Spd) and free spermine (Spm) and higher activities of arginine decarboxylase (ADC, EC 4.1.1.19), S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC, EC 4.1.1.50) and Spd synthase (EC 2.5.1.16) than inferior spikelets at the early endosperm cell division and grain filling stage. The maximum concentrations of free Spd and free Spm and the maximum activities of ADC, SAMDC and Spd synthase were significantly correlated with the maximum cell division and grain filling rates, maximum cell number and grain weight. Application of Spd and Spm to panicles resulted in significantly higher rates of endosperm cell division and grain filling in inferior spikelets along with the activities of sucrose synthase (EC 2.4.1.13), ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase (EC 2.7.7.27) and soluble starch synthase (EC 2.4.1.21), suggesting that these PAs are involved in the sucrose-starch metabolic pathway. The results indicate that the poor development of inferior spikelets is attributed, at least partly, to the low PA level and its low biosynthetic activity.

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“…vision and at their lowest activity in mature nondividing tissues (24,27). However, the exact role of PA in tissue differentiation and development is still not quite clear.…”

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confidence: 99%

Interrelationship of Polyamine and Ethylene Biosynthesis during Avocado Fruit Development and Ripening

Kushad¹,

Yelenosky²,

Knight³

1988

Plant Physiol.

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Concentrations of polyamines (PA) and the activities of the PA-synthesizing enzymes ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and arginine decarboxylase (ADC) extracted from the mesocarp tissue of avocado (Persea americana Mill, cv 'Simmonds') fruits at different stages of development were compared with DNA content and the activities of 5'-methylthioadenosine (MTA) nucleosidase and 5-methylthioribose (MTR) kinase. Putrescine, spermidine, and spermine were at their peak concentrations during the early stages of fruit development (362, 201, and 165 nanomoles per gram fresh weight, respectively, at 15 days from full bloom), then declined to 30% or less at full maturity. Agmatine showed only a slight change in concentration throughout the fruit development. The activity of ODC, which was low during flowering (8 nmoles per milligram protein per hour), increased more than threefold during the first 2 months then declined at the later stages of fruit development, while ADC activity showed only a slight increase. DNA content followed a similar pattern of change as that of PA and ODC. The decline in DNA and ODC activity suggest a lack of correlation between cell proliferation and PA at the later stages of the avocado fruit development. It is also possible that any cell division which may take place during the latter stages of the fruit development is not sufficient to alter the pattern of PA biosynthesis. MTA nucleosidase and MTR kinase activities increased during the first 15 days of fruit development followed by a slight decline at 60 and 90 days from full bloom. At 120 days (1 month before full maturity) both MTA nucleosidase and MTR kinase activities increased significantly. During maximum ethylene synthesis, MTA nucleosidase and MTR kinase activities were approximately fivefold and eightfold, respectively, higher than during maximum PA synthesis. The data indicate that the MTA molecules produced during PA and ethylene synthesis are actively metabolized to MTR and MTR-1-P, the two intermediates involved in the regeneration of S-adenosylmethionine from MTA. The data also suggest that the PA and ethylene biosynthetic pathways are not actively competing for the same substrates at any given stage of the avocado fruit development and ripening.Plant PA' have been associated with growth, development, and senescence (14,26,28). PA and PA-synthesizing enzymes were reported to be at their peak activity during rapid cell di-'Abbreviations: PA, polyamines; Spm, spermine; Put, putrescine; ODC, ornithine decarboxylase; ADC, arginine decarboxylase; SAM, Sadenosylmethionine; MTA, 5'-methylthioadenosine; MTR, 5-methylthioribose; MTR-1-P, 5-methylthioribose-1-phosphate; DAPI, 2'6'-diamidino-2-phenylindole; agm, Agmatine; ACC, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid.vision and at their lowest activity in mature nondividing tissues (24, 27). However, the exact role of PA in tissue differentiation and development is still not quite clear. Increased PA levels were observed during somatic embryogenesis of carrot and tobacco cell cultures (9, 12)...

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Changes in polyamine contents during development and germination of rice seeds

Cited by 38 publications

References 14 publications

Polyamine and ethylene interactions in grain filling of superior and inferior spikelets of rice

Polyamine and ethylene interactions in grain filling of superior and inferior spikelets of rice

Involvement of polyamines in the post-anthesis development of inferior and superior spikelets in rice

Interrelationship of Polyamine and Ethylene Biosynthesis during Avocado Fruit Development and Ripening

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