Changes in prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in Thai population, 2004–2009

Aekplakorn, Wichai; Sangthong, Rassamee; Kessomboon, Pattapong; Putwatana, Panwadee; Inthawong, Rungkarn; Taneepanichskul, Surasak; Sritara, Piyamitr; Sangwatanaroj, Somkiat; Chariyalertsak, Suwat

doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e3283568158

Cited by 61 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Three measurements at intervals 2–5 minutes apart were obtained by using an automatic blood pressure monitor “Microlife BP-A100 model” (Microlife AG, Widnau, Switzerland) [16]. An average of the second and third values was used in the analysis [17]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between obesity and blood pressure in Thai public school children

et al. 2014

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BackgroundThe prevalence of obesity has substantially increased in the past 3 decades in both developed and developing countries and may lead to an increase in high blood pressure (BP) at an early age. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity and its association with blood pressure among primary school children in central Thailand.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in two public schools in Bangkok in 2012. A total of 693 students (317 boys and 376 girls) aged 8–12 years participated voluntarily. Anthropometric measurements of weight, height, waist circumference (WC) and BP were collected. Fasting venous blood samples were obtained for biochemical analysis of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and lipid parameters. Child nutritional status was defined by body mass index (BMI) for age based on the 2000 Center for Diseases Control and Prevention growth charts. The cutoff for abdominal obesity was WC at the 75 percentile or greater. Hypertension was defined according to the 2004 Pediatrics US blood pressure reference. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between high BP and obesity after controlling for other covariates.ResultsThe prevalence of obese children was 30.6% for boys and 12.8% for girls (mean prevalence 20.9%). Pre-hypertension (Pre-HT) was 5.7% and 2.7% for boys and girls and hypertension (HT) was 4.7% for boys and 3.2% for girls, respectively. Children with pre-HT and HT had significantly higher body weight, height, WC, BMI, SBP, DBP, TG, and TC/HDL-C levels but lower HDL-C levels than those children with normotension. After controlling for age, sex, glucose and lipid parameters, child obesity was significantly associated with pre-HT and HT (odds rations (ORs) = 9.00, 95% CI: 3.20-25.31 for pre-HT and ORs = 10.60, 95% CI: 3.75-30.00 for HT). So also was WC (abdominal obesity) when considered alone (ORs = 6.20, 95% CI: 2.60-14.81 for pre-HT and ORs = 13.73, 95% CI: 4.85-38.83 for HT) (p-value < 0.001).ConclusionsObesity among school children was positively associated with higher BP. Prevention of childhood obesity should be strengthened to prevent the risk of early high BP including cardiovascular risk factors.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between obesity and blood pressure in Thai public school children

et al. 2014

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“…4 We randomly selected the samples based on the four major geographic regions and the availability of the buffy coat samples in the samples bank in the Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand. In summary, 47 samples from the central, 47 samples from the North, 51 samples from the Northeast and 45 samples from the South were selected to perform DMETs genotyping.…”

Section: Population Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of genetic variation in drug ADME-related genes in Thais with Caucasian, African and Asian HapMap populations

et al. 2015

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The objectives of this study are to investigate allele frequencies of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination (ADME)-related genes in the Thai population and to compare these genes to HapMap populations including Caucasians (CEU), Africans (YRI) and Asians (CHB/JPT). Genetic variations of drug ADME-related genes in 190 Thais were investigated using drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters (DMET) plus genotyping system. We examined 1936 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 225 genes that have documented functional and clinical significances in phase I and phase II drug metabolism enzymes, drug transporters and other genes involved in ADME processes. Distributions of genotyping data from Thai were compared with other HapMap populations including Caucasian, African and Asian populations. The analysis demonstrated 43 SNPs with statistical significance comparing among five populations. However, only 26 SNPs showed statistical significance in pair-wise comparisons between Thai versus CEU and Thai versus CHB/JPT. These 26 SNPs belong to 13 groups of drug ADME-related genes which are CYP2A6, CYP3A5, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, VKORC1, COMT, NAT2, TPMT, UGT1A1 and SLCO1B1. These genes demonstrated clinical significances as previously observed in many studies. The results could explain clinical variability in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs in Thais based on genetic variations in drug ADME-related gene emphasized in this article.

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“…In Thailand, hypertension is the third major risk factor associated with national disease burden and causing 600 000 DALY losses per year 4. The prevalence of hypertension has been estimated from a number of cross-sectional studies among adults and has been increasing over the past decades from 20% in 1985 to 22% in 2004 4–6.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence of hypertension has been estimated from a number of cross-sectional studies among adults and has been increasing over the past decades from 20% in 1985 to 22% in 2004 4–6. The recent Thai National Health Examination Survey in 2009 reported that the prevalence of hypertension in adults was 21.5% 4. The emergence of hypertension has been the result of rapid socioeconomic development, which has resulted in one-third of Thais migrating to urban areas 7.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health risk factors and the incidence of hypertension: 4-year prospective findings from a national cohort of 60 569 Thai Open University students

Looze¹,

Reid

Seubsman

et al. 2013

BMJ Open

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ObjectiveThis study evaluates the impact of a number of demographic, biological, behavioural and lifestyle health risk factors on the incidence of hypertension in Thailand over a 4-year period.DesignA 4-year prospective study of health risk factors and their effects on the incidence of hypertension in a national Thai Cohort Study from 2005 to 2009.SettingAs Thailand is transitioning from a developing to a middle-income developed country, chronic diseases (particularly cardiovascular disease) have emerged as major health issues. Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart attack and stroke and cross-sectional studies have indicated that the prevalence is increasing.Study participantsA total of 57 558 Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University students who participated in both the 2005 and 2009 questionnaire surveys and who were normotensive in 2005 were included in the analysis.MeasuresAdjusted relative risks associating each risk factor and incidence of hypertension by sex, after controlling for confounders such as age, socioeconomic status, body mass index (BMI) and underlying diseases.ResultsThe overall 4-year incidence of hypertension was 3.5%, with the rate in men being remarkably higher than that in women (5.2% vs 2.1%). In both sexes, hypertension was associated with age, higher BMI and comorbidities but not with income and education. In men, hypertension was associated with physical inactivity, smoking, alcohol and fast food intake. In women, hypertension was related to having a partner.ConclusionsIn both men and women, hypertension was strongly associated with age, obesity and comorbidities while it had no association with socioeconomic factors. The cohort patterns of socioeconomy and hypertension reflect that the health risk transition in Thais is likely to be at the middle stage. Diet and lifestyle factors associate with incidence of hypertension in Thais and may be amenable targets for hypertension control programmes.

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Changes in prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in Thai population, 2004–2009

Cited by 61 publications

References 16 publications

The association between obesity and blood pressure in Thai public school children

The association between obesity and blood pressure in Thai public school children

Comparison of genetic variation in drug ADME-related genes in Thais with Caucasian, African and Asian HapMap populations

Health risk factors and the incidence of hypertension: 4-year prospective findings from a national cohort of 60 569 Thai Open University students

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