Changes in radiation interception and R:FR over time and with canopy depth of two soybean cultivars with different branching characteristics

Toyota, Masanori; Maitree, Laaorthip; Chomsang, Kanchana

doi:10.1080/1343943x.2017.1294464

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Different cultivation patterns have a great effect on plant photosynthesis; likewise, intercropping shading between different crops leads to a lower photosynthetic rate of shaded crops [37]. In multiple planting densities, mutual shading of different density plants leads to changes in the spatial structure of the plant population and photosynthetic rate, and ultimately the accumulation of carbohydrates in the stem that causes lodging easily [38][39][40][41]. At present, planting high density has already become one of the key measures to excavate the potential high yield of crops among the various cultivation methods [42,43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Multiple Planting Densities on Lignin Metabolism and Lodging Resistance of the Strip Intercropped Soybean Stem

et al. 2020

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The shading of maize and self-shading are the key factors affecting the stem lignin biosynthesis and lodging resistance of soybean at middle and later growth stages in the strip intercropping system. A study was designed to explore the regulation mechanism of lignin metabolism and different planting densities; PD1, PD2, and PD3 were used having a total number of 17 plants m−2, 20 plants m−2, and 25 plants m−2, respectively, on the lodging resistance of strip intercropped soybean stem. Our results depicted that the lower planting density (PD1) appropriately promoted the leaf photosynthesis activities (Pn), increase the activity of lignin-related enzymes and the accumulation of carbohydrates in stems, and eventually enhanced the lodging resistance of the strip intercropped soybean stem. Correlation analysis also showed that the lodging resistance index of soybean stem was significantly correlated with the available light for soybean canopy and Pn strip intercropped soybean stem characteristics and activities of enzymes related to lignin synthesis among the different planting densities. The findings of our research will be useful in future studies to understand the relationship between different light environment, planting densities, and lodging resistance of intercropped soybean and also guide the optimum planting density in maize–soybean intercropping system.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Multiple Planting Densities on Lignin Metabolism and Lodging Resistance of the Strip Intercropped Soybean Stem

et al. 2020

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“…After wheat and soybean emergence, a single random sampling was performed weekly in the central transect of the flux tower footprint to determine canopy height, leaf area index (LAI), and total dry matter of the canopy (TDM c ) following (Gitelson et al., 2018). The LAI was calculated using the specific leaf area (LA s ) method determined throughout each crop cycle (Nagasuga et al., 2013; Toyota et al., 2017). This method involves two steps: obtaining the LA s and estimating the LAI based on leaf dry matter of the canopy (LDM c ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then, the leaves were placed in paper packaging and dried in a vegetable material drying oven at 65 °C with forced air circulation until constant dry mass (LDM p ). With the LA p and LDM p data, the LA s was calculated according to (Nagasuga et al., 2013) and (Toyota et al., 2017).

\begin{equation}{\rm{LA}}_{\rm{p}} = a + b{\rm{LDM}}_{\rm{p}}\end{equation}

where LA p is in cm 2 ; LDM p is given in g; and a and b are the linear and angular coefficients of the equation, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CO₂ flux in a wheat‐soybean succession in subtropical Brazil: A carbon sink

et al. 2022

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The subtropical region of Brazil is home to 33% of the soybean [Glycine max (L.)Merr.] growing area and 90% of the wheat (Tritucum aestivum L.) growing area of this country. A soybean-wheat succession with fallow between crops is used in about 11% of the cultivated area. No study has quantified CO 2 fluxes in annual soybeanwheat succession in this region. Hence, this study analyzed the seasonality of CO 2 exchange (net ecosystem exchange [NEE]) in a 2015/2016 wheat-soybean succession in a commercial farm located in Carazinho, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The eddy covariance method was used to estimate the annual C balance of this system.The NEE was partitioned between gross primary productivity and ecosystem respiration to understand the dynamics of these fluxes during a year of wheat-soybean succession. Considering the net ecosystem balance between photosynthesis and respiration during the growing season, both soybean and wheat absorbed CO 2 from the atmosphere (NEE wheat: -347 ± 4 g C m -2 ; NEE soybean: -242 ± 3 g C m -2 ). The fallow periods between growing seasons, however, acted as a source of 156 ± 2 g C m -2 , reducing the C absorbed by the crops by 27%. For 1 yr, the net biome productivity was -50 g C m -2 yr -1 . The results obtained here demonstrate that the wheat-soybean succession was a net C sink under these specific climatic conditions and field management practices and that the long fallow period between crops limited the agroecosystem from becoming a more efficient CO 2 sink.Abbreviations: EC, eddy covariance; FSW, fallow period between soybean and wheat; FWS, fallow period between wheat and soybean; GPP, gross primary production; LAI, leaf area index; LAs, specific leaf area; LDMc, leaf dry matter of the canopy; NBP, net biome production; NEE, net ecosystem exchange; RDMc, the rest (no leaves) dry mass of canopy; RH, relative humidity; TDMc, total dry matter of the canopy; VPD, vapor pressure deficit.

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“…Genetics and the environment have a great influence on stem branching in soybeans (Shim et al, 2017 , 2019 ). Remarkably, low plant density enhances branching (Carpenter and Board, 1997 ), possibly associated with radiation quality (e.g., red to far-red ratio) at the ground level (Toyota et al, 2017 ). Branch leaves unroll about 30 days after sowing and develop under continuous shading, presenting thinner leaves compared to the main stem (Koller, 1972 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical Canopy Profile and the Impact of Branches on Soybean Seed Composition

2021

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Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds are of global importance for human and animal nutrition due to their high protein and oil concentrations, and their complete amino acid (AA) and fatty acid (FA) profiles. However, a detailed description of seed composition at different canopy portions (i.e., main stem and branch nodes) is currently lacking in scientific literature. This study aims to (1) characterize seed yield and composition (protein, oil, AA, and FA) at the main stem (exploring a vertical canopy profile) and stem branches and (2) quantify the impact of canopy yield allocation on seed composition, focusing on branches as a potential contributor for higher yields. Four genotypes were field-grown during the 2018 and 2019 seasons, with seeds manually harvested from all the branches and three main stem segments (lower, middle, and upper). Seed samples were analyzed for seed yield (Mg/ha), seed size (mg/seed), protein and oil content (mg/seed) and their respective concentrations (g/kg), and AA and FA concentrations within protein and oil (g/100 g), herein called abundance. The upper main stem produced greater protein (25%) and oil (15%) content relative to the lower section; however, oil concentration increased from top to bottom while protein concentration followed opposite vertical gradient. Limiting AAs (lysine, cysteine, methionine, threonine, and tryptophan) were more abundant in the lower main stem, while the oleic/(linoleic + linolenic) ratio was greater in the upper segment. Overall, branches produced seeds with inferior nutritional quality than the main stem. However, the contribution of branches to yield (%) was positively related to limiting AA abundance and oil concentration across soybean genotypes. Future research studies should consider the morphological process of stem branching as a critical factor intimately involved with soybean seed composition across environments, genotypes, and management practices.

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Changes in radiation interception and R:FR over time and with canopy depth of two soybean cultivars with different branching characteristics

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

Effects of Multiple Planting Densities on Lignin Metabolism and Lodging Resistance of the Strip Intercropped Soybean Stem

Effects of Multiple Planting Densities on Lignin Metabolism and Lodging Resistance of the Strip Intercropped Soybean Stem

CO₂ flux in a wheat‐soybean succession in subtropical Brazil: A carbon sink

Vertical Canopy Profile and the Impact of Branches on Soybean Seed Composition

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Changes in radiation interception and R:FR over time and with canopy depth of two soybean cultivars with different branching characteristics

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

Effects of Multiple Planting Densities on Lignin Metabolism and Lodging Resistance of the Strip Intercropped Soybean Stem

Effects of Multiple Planting Densities on Lignin Metabolism and Lodging Resistance of the Strip Intercropped Soybean Stem

CO2 flux in a wheat‐soybean succession in subtropical Brazil: A carbon sink

Vertical Canopy Profile and the Impact of Branches on Soybean Seed Composition

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CO₂ flux in a wheat‐soybean succession in subtropical Brazil: A carbon sink